【正文】 w it seems that the anizational setting of inventories should not be disregarded. Being situated within an anizational context several other factors play a part in inventory control. In general these factors lie outside the field of operations management and operations research but should nevertheless be taken into 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 consideration. Most factors regard the anizational incorporation of inventories and the associated information flows. A significant example concerning inventory management is the allocation of responsibilities and authorities. Inventory control problems can easily arise when for instance nobody in the anization is responsible for the inventory or the responsible person has insufficient authorities to carry out the , high inventory values indicating a lack of control may just be the result of inaccurate inventory records or of a reporting system that does not function well. Thus, the anizational context of inventories also contains several aspects that can affect inventory control. In order to identify significant aspects in the anizational context of inventories four dimensions can be distinguished. They are the allocation of tasks, decisionmaking processes, munication processes and behavior of the parties involved,as displayed in Fig. 1. First, the allocation of tasks is an important dimension in the anizational context of inventories. According to Lovejoy (1998) this dimension should be part of the foundations of an integrated view on operations management issues. Relevant characteristics in this respect are the number of people that are responsible for inventory management, their functional positions and their hierarchical positions in the anization. Another relevant characteristic is the fit between allocated responsibilities and authorities. Each one of these characteristics might influence the effectiveness of inventory control. Second, anizational theory shows that decisionmaking processes form a significant anizational dimension (. Daft, 1998). Like in other anizational areas, many decisions are made in inventory management, varying from annual strategic decisions to operational decisions concerning daytoday activities. The resulting inventory 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 control is influenced by how these decisions are made. Furthermore, the effectiveness of inventory control depends on the ways in which inventory decisions relate to each other and to other decisions in the anization. It is evident that, for instance, contradicting decisions or decisions that are based on wrong information can influence the effectiveness of inventory control. Third, munication processes represent another dimension in the anizational context of inventories. As stressed by anizational behaviorists,munication is a key process underlying all aspects of anizational operations ( and Baron, 1993。Lovejoy, 1998。最后的結(jié)果應(yīng)該包括兩個(gè)方面的詳細(xì)描述：庫(kù)存控制和編制環(huán)境的庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)。這兒有些例子癥狀就是（生產(chǎn)）計(jì)劃過(guò)程的不穩(wěn)定性，加急訂單的出現(xiàn)和低效運(yùn)行的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。本文的下一部分將呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)框架圖，而這個(gè)框架圖可應(yīng)用于編制視角來(lái)解決實(shí)際的庫(kù)存控制問(wèn) 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 題。因?yàn)榫褪沁@個(gè)相關(guān)性最終決定著實(shí)際情況中庫(kù)存控制的有效性。由此產(chǎn)生一個(gè)叫做庫(kù)存控制的編制透析。洛夫喬伊（ 1998）指出人類的行為不應(yīng)該在運(yùn)營(yíng)管理問(wèn) 題上被忽略。此外，庫(kù)存控制的有效性取決于庫(kù)存決策方式之間的相互關(guān)系。 為了能夠辨別庫(kù)存編制環(huán)境的重要幾個(gè)方面，它可以分為四個(gè)維度：分配任務(wù)、決策過(guò)程、溝通過(guò)程和工作人員。事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)觀點(diǎn)對(duì)大多數(shù)庫(kù)存處在同一個(gè)環(huán)境中這一事實(shí)關(guān)注很少或者根本不關(guān)注?？紤]到這一點(diǎn)，需求量和更換規(guī)模的過(guò)程是非常重要的。第四部分，從案例研究中得出結(jié)論。因此，這就需要一個(gè)庫(kù)存控制的擴(kuò)展視圖。這就意味著這些觀念和技術(shù)主要基于數(shù)學(xué)的假設(shè)和建 模的庫(kù)存情況。案例研究表明：該編制視角在處理庫(kù)存控制問(wèn)題上市非常有用的。首先，就是要形成一種編制角度的庫(kù)存控制。 現(xiàn)今 ，許多觀念和技術(shù)都 可以 有效地控制庫(kù)存。例如：職責(zé)的分配，庫(kù)存管理權(quán)利的分配，庫(kù)存信息的質(zhì)量和相關(guān)的決策過(guò)程等等。 關(guān)鍵詞：案例研究，庫(kù)存控制，編制角度 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 在過(guò)去的幾十年里，庫(kù)存控制一直是許多論文的熱門話題。另一方面，許多企業(yè)即使沒(méi)有利用這些觀念和技術(shù)也可以在管理總庫(kù)存投資方面做得很好（ Plossl and Welch, 1797, ）。例如：職責(zé)和庫(kù)存管理權(quán)限的分配、庫(kù)存信息的質(zhì)量和相關(guān)的決策過(guò)程。傳統(tǒng)上，有些人關(guān)注三個(gè)方面：訂單數(shù)量、訂購(gòu)區(qū)間 和庫(kù)存控制系統(tǒng)，而且他們被公認(rèn)為在庫(kù)存控制中扮演著重要的角色。這三個(gè)方面代表了傳統(tǒng)的庫(kù)存情況，此外，這三個(gè)方面還被認(rèn)為是提高庫(kù)存控制的起點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)因素與環(huán)境整合庫(kù)存和信息流動(dòng)有關(guān)。另一個(gè)相關(guān)特征就是責(zé)任與當(dāng)局之間的分配。正如編制行為學(xué)家所強(qiáng)調(diào)的，溝通是所有編制操作的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)（如，格林伯格和巴倫， 1993；羅賓斯， 1993）。此外，權(quán)力可以阻礙庫(kù)存的決策過(guò)程。這就意味著不再只是關(guān)注于訂單數(shù)量、訂購(gòu)區(qū)間和庫(kù)存控制系統(tǒng)。相關(guān)性的缺乏很容易導(dǎo)致利益沖 突。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題的起點(diǎn) 是一個(gè)執(zhí)行預(yù)先設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下的庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)，在許多情況下，這些預(yù)先設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)根據(jù)成本定義的。在這個(gè)框架圖中，有一些指南識(shí)別和與設(shè)計(jì)階段相呼應(yīng)的庫(kù)存控制編制視角的應(yīng)用程序。對(duì)描述這樣一個(gè)庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)是非常有用的。 Robbins, 1993). In this respect it is important to consider the influence of munication processes on inventory example, the forwarding of inventory information,the quality of that information and the provision of feedback can have a large impact on the effectiveness of inventory control. The fourth and final dimension of the anizational context that is important with respect to inventory control is the behavior of the parties involved. Since the Hawthorne experiments in the thirties it is widely recognized that social aspects influence the functioning of anizations (Dessler,1986。 An anizational perspective on inventory control: 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 Theory and a case study Abstract Inventory control is a wellcovered area in literature. Nowadays, many concepts and techniques are available for effectively controlling inventories. Eminent examples are stochastic models to determine order quantities, techniques for forecasting demand and different kinds of ABC analysis. Remarkably enough, the theoretical backgrounds of these concepts and techniques show a great deal of similarity: they all stem from the field of op