城市規(guī)劃外文翻譯---決定性的補救辦法——城市規(guī)劃無效現(xiàn)象探源-其他專業(yè)(存儲版)
【正文】 tions avoided earlier in plan preparation . Few planning anisations have the resources, time , or inclination for systematic or continuous performance evaluation . Whether by intention or by default ,planning is typically carried on as a 39。Moore and Rhodes39。多數(shù)規(guī)劃組織都沒有財力和時間，也不愿意對規(guī)劃績效進行系統(tǒng)的、連續(xù)的評估。而且，當(dāng)某些特定的目標成為數(shù)家機構(gòu)爭相采納的測評方法的對象時，要把相關(guān)的一套政策與特定問題區(qū)分開來也不容易。分析家們很快找到了資本注意國家妨礙規(guī)劃成功的原因。其他需要關(guān)心的問題包括增加商品生產(chǎn)、服務(wù)項目、國民收入以及在國際貿(mào)易中最大限度地增加相對優(yōu)勢，從而確保社會和經(jīng)濟的高度適應(yīng)能力，保護個人選著自由和責(zé)任感。因此，受歡迎的可能是各類這種評估方法：單獨看他們可能都不完善，但由于源自各種學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，因此，可以各自的方式幫助人們對問題有更加深入的理解。而且，對一個規(guī)劃體系完全 合理的評估只能反映部分問題，對體系改進工作不會有多大指導(dǎo)作用。迪爾和艾倫 規(guī)劃體系或規(guī)劃本身的績效監(jiān)控視乎引起了更多的注意。即使在對規(guī)劃政策進行相當(dāng)嚴格的分析的地方，正如 摩爾和羅德 1977年對英國區(qū)域規(guī)劃政策的評估中，整成難以界定，相互矛盾，有不斷地變化翻新，加之經(jīng)濟體制的開放性，程問題的指標，冒昧的假設(shè)，以及令人懷疑的統(tǒng)計方法，所有這一切加在一起使得評估結(jié)果難以令人信服。無論是單個的規(guī)劃，還是整個規(guī)劃體系都需要這種監(jiān)控，在每種情況下，實踐都不可能與理論完全一致。 Feedback procedures should , in theory ,result in the prompt amendment or abandonment of policies that prove to be ineffective .In the longer term ,at the national level ,widespread and rigorous appraisal should permit the codification of sources of planning failure and generate a more sensitive and informed understanding ,by professionals ,governments and the munity at large ,of the possibilities of planning and the limits of government 1977 evaluation of British regional policy ,the oute is moe ingenious than convincing .In the case cited , difficulties in defining policy ,policy conflicts and shifts ,the openness of the economic system ,questionable indicators, heroic assumptions ,and doubtful statistical techniques all tend to vitiate the findings. Performance evaluation ,then ,is a difficult task . To start with , it is not often easy to identify what is being evaluated . Policy , strategy and individual measures ma
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