【正文】 n (such as cars modified, refurbished toys, etc.) need a variety of economictype mold, such as zinc alloy die down, polyurethane rubber mold, die steel skin, also has been very great development. From the mid70s so far can be said that puteraided design, supporting the continuous development of manufacturing technology of the times. With the precision and plexity of mold rising, accelerating the production cycle, the mold industry, the quality of equipment and personnel are required to improve. Rely on mon processing equipment, their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold. Since the 9039。 Mould Industry and manufacturing capacity, China39。 in the mold mon technology, such as mold rapid prototyping technology, polishing, electroforming technologies, surface treatment technology aspects of CAD / CAM technology in China has just started. Computeraided technology, software development, is still at low level, the accumulation of knowledge and experience required. Most of our mold factory, mold processing equipment shop old, long in the length of civilian service, accuracy, low efficiency, still use the ordinary fing, turning, milling, planing, drilling, grinding and processing equipment, mold, heat treatment is still in use salt bath, boxtype furnace, operating with the experience of workers, poorly equipped, high energy consumption. Renewal of equipment is slow, technological innovation, technological progress is not much intensity. Although in recent years introduced many advanced mold processing equipment, but are too scattered, or not plete, only about 25% utilization, equipment, some of the advanced functions are not given full play. Lack of technology of highquality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of pound talents. China39。 township mold business, and professional mold factory is similar. Of which the largest number of firstclass, mold production accounts for about 70% of total output. China39。 products factory mold factory or workshop, in order to supply the product works as the main tasks needed to die。 in the application of CAM technology manufacturing molds, first, the lack of advanced manufacturing equipment, and second, the existing process equipment (including the last 10 years the introduction of advanced equipment) or puter standard (IBM PC and patibles, HP workstations, etc.) different, or because of differences in bytes, processing speed differences, differences in resistance to electromagic interference, working is low, only about 5% of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task。 Mould Industry Status Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed, big and plete enterprise features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production. Production efficiency is not high, poor economic returns. Mold production industry is small and scattered, crossindustry, capitalintensive, professional, mercial and technical management level are relatively low. According to inplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold, the product supporting mold factory workshop (factory) near 17 000, about 600 000 employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. However, the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of 60%, still can not meet the needs of national economic development. At present, the domestic needs of large, sophisticated, plex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on imports. According to customs statistics, in 1997 630 million . dollars worth of imports mold, not including the import of mold together with the equipment。s, mold industry focus is based on subscriber demand, production can meet the product requirements of the mold. Multidie design rule of thumb, reference has been drawing and perceptual knowledge, on the design of mold parts of a lack of real understanding of function. From 1955 to 1965, is the pressure processing of exploration and development of the times the main ponents of the mold and the stress state of the function of a mathematical subbridge, and to continue to apply to onsite practical knowledge to make stamping technology in all aspects of a leap in development. The result is summarized mold design principles, and makes the pressure machine, stamping materials, processing methods, plum with a structure, mold materials, mold manufacturing method, the field of automation devices, a new look to the practical direction of advance, so that pressing processing apparatus capable of producing quality products from the first stage. Into the 7039。為了適應(yīng)用戶對(duì)模具制造的高精度、短交貨期、低成本的迫切要求，模具工業(yè)正廣泛應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)來(lái)加速模具工業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步，滿足各行各業(yè)對(duì)模具這一基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備的迫切需求。多工位精密沖模常采用鋼結(jié)硬質(zhì)合金及硬質(zhì)合 12 金 YG20 等。 (6)KEVRON 鋼帶沖裁落料制模技術(shù)。 (1)快速原型制造技術(shù) (RPM)。 （ 3）高速銑削機(jī)床 (HSM) 銑削加工是型腔模具加工的重要手段。現(xiàn)在精密模具的精度已達(dá) 2～ 3μm，目前國(guó)內(nèi)廠家使用較多 的有意大利、美國(guó)、日本等國(guó)的高精度三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)，并具有數(shù)字化掃描功能。另外， Cimatran公司的 Moldexpert， Delcam公司的 Psmold 及日立造船的 SpaceE/mold 均是 3D 專業(yè)注塑模設(shè)計(jì)軟件，可進(jìn)行交互式 3D 型腔、型芯設(shè)計(jì)、模架配置及典型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。干帶件生產(chǎn)的不如用模具加工產(chǎn)品的 ”之類不正?，F(xiàn)象存在。我國(guó)的模具行業(yè)管理體制分散。另外，國(guó)外模具鋼材近年來(lái)相繼在國(guó)內(nèi)建立了銷售網(wǎng)點(diǎn)，但因渠道不暢、技術(shù)服務(wù)支撐薄弱及價(jià)格偏高、外匯結(jié)算制度等因素的影響，目前推廣應(yīng)用不多。雖然近年來(lái)也引進(jìn)了不少先進(jìn)的模具加工設(shè)備，但過于分散，或不配套，利用率一般僅有 25%左右，設(shè)備的一些先進(jìn)功能也未能得到充分發(fā)揮。模具平均壽命約為 80 萬(wàn)次左右，主要差距是模具零件變形大、溢邊毛刺大、表面質(zhì)量差、模具型腔沖蝕和腐蝕嚴(yán)重、模具排氣不暢和型腔易損等，注射 模精度已達(dá)到 5um 以下，最高壽命已突破 2021 萬(wàn)次，型腔數(shù)量已超過 100 腔，達(dá)到了 80 年代中期至 90 年代初期的國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)， 1997年進(jìn)口模具價(jià)值 億美元，這還不包括隨設(shè)備一起進(jìn)口的模具； 1997 年出口 模具僅為 7800 萬(wàn)美元。在高層次上， CAD／ CAM／CAE 集成的，即數(shù)據(jù)是統(tǒng)一的，可以互相直接傳輸信息．實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。 隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)也逐步進(jìn)入模具生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，包括設(shè)計(jì)、制造、管理等。在此期間，日本站到了世界最前列——其模具加工精度進(jìn)入了微米級(jí)，模具壽命，合金工具鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾千萬(wàn)次，硬 質(zhì)合金鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾億次 p 每分鐘沖壓次數(shù)，小型壓力機(jī)通常為200 至 300 次，最高為 1200 次至 1500 次。 50 年代，模