【正文】 for example, the initial sounds of child and ；例如 child和 joy的第一個(gè)音Also called: Fair名利場(chǎng) was written William Makepeace Thackray Armstrong was the first person to walk on the Aldrin, Michael Collins 尼爾．阿姆斯特朗、埃德溫．奧爾德林、邁克爾．柯林斯 title of the national anthem國(guó)歌 of Canada is O 。憲法修正案provisions for amendment 前十條憲法修正案稱為bill of rights權(quán)利和自由法案*************************************************************************** 加拿大概況首都：渥太華Ottawa, 最大?。嚎笨薗uebec 第一大城市：多倫多，2：蒙特利爾，3：溫哥華，4：渥太華 世界最大漁業(yè)出口國(guó) 國(guó)家元首：伊麗莎白二世總督：履行女王職務(wù)governor general，實(shí)際政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人：總理prime minister 立法：議會(huì)立法parliament，議會(huì)由兩部分組成senate（總督任命）和house of mons（根據(jù)人口），和美國(guó)類似，法律要兩院通過(guò)，最后總督簽字。1979年，中美建交。1973年美國(guó)和北越南north vietnam簽署?；饏f(xié)議，ceasefire agreement。林肯有名的葛底斯堡演說(shuō)gettysburg address“that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth” 1865年，第13修正案終結(jié)了奴隸制。工會(huì)和工黨 Trade Unions and Labor Party 工人意識(shí)到聯(lián)合的重要性，于是工會(huì)出現(xiàn)，Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立，是全國(guó)的大公會(huì)，后來(lái)Trade Union Congress 開(kāi)始。查爾斯戰(zhàn)敗，克倫威爾Cromwell稱王。議會(huì)雛形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺開(kāi)會(huì)，就是最早的議會(huì)，后來(lái)發(fā)展了House of Lords上議院，House of Commons下議院。第一篇：英美國(guó)家概況名詞解釋等 civil rights movementIt is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in Parks’ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to the true beginning of the civil rights black students’ sitin at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC,CORE,and SCLC struggled for racial intergration by providing leaderships,network and the the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the selfimage of the civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther , and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in th federal system【聯(lián)邦制】It is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constiuent parts, with some rights reserved to ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magica sword, real existence is in is the central figure of many AngloSaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of [大河舞] It is a very popular form of dancing based on Ireland’s intricate[錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的]folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage is traditionally part of Irish is usually acpanied by the Irish pipe and music usually sounds fast and of the actionis from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the House of CommonsIt is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(members of parliament)make and debate MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for Commonwealth【英聯(lián)邦】In the author’s opinion, the Commowealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British are 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus。玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和英國(guó)宗教改革：Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都鐸（duduo）打了玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，都鐸勝利，終成五代都鐸王朝。英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)又稱清教徒革命，因?yàn)閲?guó)王的反對(duì)者多是清教徒Puritan。殖民擴(kuò)張Colonial Expansion 自1583年開(kāi)始，英國(guó)在新大陸Newfoundland開(kāi)始殖民統(tǒng)治，1900日不落帝國(guó)形成，“on which the sun never set” 君主政體英國(guó)是君主立憲制 constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展鍍金時(shí)代gilded age，借自馬克吐溫的書(shū)名，指內(nèi)戰(zhàn)到20世紀(jì)初，工業(yè)發(fā)展亨利福特henry ford大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車，萊特兄弟wright brothers設(shè)計(jì)第一架飛機(jī)升天，都在這個(gè)時(shí)候 1920s的大蕭條與新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年，大蕭條開(kāi)始，持續(xù)4年羅斯福新政，F(xiàn)ranklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美國(guó)與二戰(zhàn)1941年，珍珠港被襲擊，美國(guó)正式參戰(zhàn)，核心國(guó)axis powers 北大西洋公約組織the founding of NATO 1949年，北大西洋條約簽署，North Atlantic Treaty,任何對(duì)締約國(guó)的攻擊視為對(duì)所有締約國(guó)的攻擊。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，越南當(dāng)時(shí)像朝鮮般南北分裂，南方是社會(huì)主義的，北方是當(dāng)時(shí)的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)，南方想要解放全國(guó)，統(tǒng)一南北。美國(guó)憲法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文憲法。政黨：自由黨liberal party和保守黨progressive conservative party 澳大利亞概況： 首都：堪培拉Canberra 第一大城：悉尼，2：墨爾本 世界最大羊毛出口國(guó)國(guó)家元首：英女王，和加拿大一樣有總督和總理，聯(lián)邦制國(guó)家 政黨：工黨（最大黨）australian labour party和自由黨liberal party，和英國(guó)不同，澳大利亞有成文憲法議會(huì)參照英國(guó)，上議院senate（the upper house）和下議院house of representatives（the lower house）新西蘭概況首都：惠靈頓Wellington 第一大城：奧克蘭Auckland 世界最大羔羊肉，羊肉和奶制品出口國(guó)，稱為the world’s biggest farm 國(guó)家元首：英女王 政體：議會(huì)制君主立憲制愛(ài)爾蘭概況（注意不是北愛(ài)爾蘭哦，不是英國(guó)的一部分呢）首都：都柏林dublin 國(guó)家元首：注意了是總統(tǒng) 專八人文知識(shí) Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles : The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing 。 David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England : the history of a dominant accent in the United States is General 、南方、新英格蘭 Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles披頭士或甲殼蟲(chóng)樂(lè)隊(duì)in the Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect Houyhnhnms are horses in Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth : A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such ased in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful ,一種含有一個(gè)單詞的有意義的語(yǔ)言單位，如ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位 name of the famous stadium露天體育場(chǎng) in the north of London is [英國(guó)英格蘭東南部城市](位于倫敦附近,是著名的國(guó)際網(wǎng)球比賽地) in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of ，面拖烤香腸: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強(qiáng)制）.聯(lián)合抵制,聯(lián)合起來(lái)拒絕使用、購(gòu)買或經(jīng)銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強(qiáng)制的手段: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white ,強(qiáng)制實(shí)行種族的社會(huì)分離政策及實(shí)踐，如在學(xué)校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會(huì)中實(shí)行有色人種歧視的政策: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discriminatio