【正文】 for example, the initial sounds of child and ；例如 child和 joy的第一個音Also called: Fair名利場 was written William Makepeace Thackray Armstrong was the first person to walk on the Aldrin, Michael Collins 尼爾．阿姆斯特朗、埃德溫．奧爾德林、邁克爾．柯林斯 title of the national anthem國歌 of Canada is O 。憲法修正案provisions for amendment 前十條憲法修正案稱為bill of rights權(quán)利和自由法案*************************************************************************** 加拿大概況首都：渥太華Ottawa, 最大?。嚎笨薗uebec 第一大城市：多倫多，2：蒙特利爾，3：溫哥華，4：渥太華 世界最大漁業(yè)出口國 國家元首：伊麗莎白二世總督：履行女王職務governor general，實際政府領(lǐng)導人：總理prime minister 立法：議會立法parliament，議會由兩部分組成senate（總督任命）和house of mons（根據(jù)人口），和美國類似，法律要兩院通過，最后總督簽字。1979年，中美建交。1973年美國和北越南north vietnam簽署?；饏f(xié)議，ceasefire agreement。林肯有名的葛底斯堡演說gettysburg address“that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth” 1865年，第13修正案終結(jié)了奴隸制。工會和工黨 Trade Unions and Labor Party 工人意識到聯(lián)合的重要性，于是工會出現(xiàn)，Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立，是全國的大公會，后來Trade Union Congress 開始。查爾斯戰(zhàn)敗，克倫威爾Cromwell稱王。議會雛形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺開會，就是最早的議會，后來發(fā)展了House of Lords上議院，House of Commons下議院。第一篇：英美國家概況名詞解釋等 civil rights movementIt is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in Parks’ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to the true beginning of the civil rights black students’ sitin at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC,CORE,and SCLC struggled for racial intergration by providing leaderships,network and the the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the selfimage of the civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther , and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in th federal system【聯(lián)邦制】It is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constiuent parts, with some rights reserved to ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magica sword, real existence is in is the central figure of many AngloSaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of [大河舞] It is a very popular form of dancing based on Ireland’s intricate[錯綜復雜的]folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage is traditionally part of Irish is usually acpanied by the Irish pipe and music usually sounds fast and of the actionis from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the House of CommonsIt is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(members of parliament)make and debate MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for Commonwealth【英聯(lián)邦】In the author’s opinion, the Commowealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British are 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus。玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭和英國宗教改革：Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都鐸（duduo）打了玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭，都鐸勝利，終成五代都鐸王朝。英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)又稱清教徒革命，因為國王的反對者多是清教徒Puritan。殖民擴張Colonial Expansion 自1583年開始，英國在新大陸Newfoundland開始殖民統(tǒng)治，1900日不落帝國形成，“on which the sun never set” 君主政體英國是君主立憲制 constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。經(jīng)濟發(fā)展鍍金時代gilded age，借自馬克吐溫的書名，指內(nèi)戰(zhàn)到20世紀初，工業(yè)發(fā)展亨利福特henry ford大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車，萊特兄弟wright brothers設(shè)計第一架飛機升天，都在這個時候 1920s的大蕭條與新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年，大蕭條開始，持續(xù)4年羅斯福新政，F(xiàn)ranklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美國與二戰(zhàn)1941年，珍珠港被襲擊，美國正式參戰(zhàn)，核心國axis powers 北大西洋公約組織the founding of NATO 1949年，北大西洋條約簽署，North Atlantic Treaty,任何對締約國的攻擊視為對所有締約國的攻擊。簡單來說，越南當時像朝鮮般南北分裂，南方是社會主義的，北方是當時的統(tǒng)治階級，南方想要解放全國，統(tǒng)一南北。美國憲法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文憲法。政黨：自由黨liberal party和保守黨progressive conservative party 澳大利亞概況： 首都：堪培拉Canberra 第一大城：悉尼，2：墨爾本 世界最大羊毛出口國國家元首：英女王，和加拿大一樣有總督和總理，聯(lián)邦制國家 政黨：工黨（最大黨）australian labour party和自由黨liberal party，和英國不同，澳大利亞有成文憲法議會參照英國，上議院senate（the upper house）和下議院house of representatives（the lower house）新西蘭概況首都：惠靈頓Wellington 第一大城：奧克蘭Auckland 世界最大羔羊肉，羊肉和奶制品出口國，稱為the world’s biggest farm 國家元首：英女王 政體：議會制君主立憲制愛爾蘭概況（注意不是北愛爾蘭哦，不是英國的一部分呢）首都：都柏林dublin 國家元首：注意了是總統(tǒng) 專八人文知識 Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles : The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing 。 David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England : the history of a dominant accent in the United States is General 、南方、新英格蘭 Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊in the Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect Houyhnhnms are horses in Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth : A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such ased in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful ,一種含有一個單詞的有意義的語言單位，如ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位 name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is [英國英格蘭東南部城市](位于倫敦附近,是著名的國際網(wǎng)球比賽地) in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of ，面拖烤香腸: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強制）.聯(lián)合抵制,聯(lián)合起來拒絕使用、購買或經(jīng)銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強制的手段: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white ,強制實行種族的社會分離政策及實踐，如在學校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會中實行有色人種歧視的政策: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discriminatio