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【正文】 GIS 的長(zhǎng)處在于數(shù)據(jù)分析。（ 7）統(tǒng)計(jì)：統(tǒng)計(jì)是一系列用于采集和分析數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)學(xué)方法。它們?cè)诳臻g上在正確位置。 GIS 如何工作： GIS 工作是通過(guò)提供一種方法來(lái)采集或輸入、存貯、檢索與管理、操作和分析數(shù)據(jù)并最終以地圖或文檔或兩者皆有的方式顯示數(shù)據(jù)。空間指一個(gè)物體或特征在地球表面的何處。Definitions of GIS “GIS” is an acronym meaning of Geographic Information System. In order to provide a good understanding of GIS, the following two definitions given by R hind (1989) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 1997) respectively are presented first. 1 “a system of hard w are, software, a n d procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation , analysis, modeling, and display of spatially referenced data for solving plex planning an d management problems .” 2 “a co mputer system capable of assembling , storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information , ., data identified according to their location .” GIS books generally adopt the ideas expressed by these two definitions. These two characteristics distinguish GIS from other types of information systems: The word “Geographic” in GIS explains “spatially” where things are such as the location of nations, states, counties, cities, schools, roads, rivers, lakes, and the list can go on and on. Spatially means where on the earth’s surface an object or feature is located. T his can be as simple as the latitude and longitude of a feature. T he geographic feature or object can be anything of interest .“ Information” in GIS is the “data” or “attrib ute” information about specific features that we are interested in. The name of the feature, what the feature is, the location of the feature, and any other information that is important. An example could be the name of a city , w here it is located , ho w big it is in square feet ( area) , its population , its population in the past, and any other information that is important . “System” in GIS is the puter software that is written to help people analyze the data, look at the data and bine it in various ways to show relationships or to create geographic models . A GIS can be made up of a variety of software and hardware tools, as long as they are integrated to provide a functional geographic data processing tool. As mentioned above, GIS is a puter system that links geographic information (where things are) with descriptive information (what things are) . Unlike a flat paper map, w here “What you see is w hat you get”, a GIS can present m any layers of different information. To use a
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