【正文】 Any natural person, legal person and other organization that needs to acquire the right to exclusive use of the trademark for the modities it produces, manufactures, processes, selects or markets shall file an application for modity trademark registration with the Trademark …,對….有適用性be applicable to to enjoy and exercise the right to exclusive use of their trademark jointly 、至于 with respect to / in respect of the modities that the State has designated as requiring the use of a registered trademark the administrative departments for industry and merce at all levels practices that deceives the customers ，便于識別 have distinctive characteristics easy to identify the central government agencies the symbol buildings …相同或相近的be identical with or similar to … trademarks unlikely to mislead the public trademarks having the nature of discrimination against any nationality trademarks that constituting exaggerated advertising and are deceitful trademarks detrimental to socialist morality and 1 customs, or having other harmful influences the administrative districts at the level of county or above the wellknown trademark the principal the represented raise an opposition trademarks that have been registered in good faith shall continue to be valid human cultural factors the principle of reciprocity any agreement concluded between a foreign country and PRC, or any international treaty to which both countries are parties to entrust an organization certified by the Chinese Government as having the qualification for trademark agency to act on its behalf the class and the designation of the modities an application to make the change the principle of mutual acknowledgement of the right of priority a written declaration any international exhibition sponsored or acknowledged by the Chinese Government …，與…一致in conformity with make a preliminary examination and approval of publicly announce file an action to the people’s court / bring a suit before a people’s court/ to institute legal proceedings in people’s court to bring an action against make a ruling to take effect the opposition is upheld [uphold 維持，批準(zhǔn) .: The judge upheld the lower court39。泰丁法案 minging 礦業(yè)Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing 2 / 10Company(3M)明尼蘇達(dá)礦業(yè)和制造公司 Minolta 美能達(dá)miscellaneous sources 多方面來源 mission 宗旨missionary selling 推銷式銷售 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工 modified rebuy 調(diào)整再購monosegment positioning 單一細(xì)分市場定位Monsanto 孟山都農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)公司 moral appeals 倫理/道德訴求 morals 道德 Motorola 摩托羅拉multichannel distribution 多渠道分銷 multidimensional scaling 多維等級法 multilevel selling 多級銷售multinational coporations(MNCs)跨國公司 multiple test markets 多測試市場 multiplebrand strategy 多品牌戰(zhàn)略 multiplefactor index 多因素指數(shù)法 multisegment positioning 多重細(xì)分市場定位national account management 全國性客戶管理national market 國內(nèi)市場National Semiconductor 美國國家半導(dǎo)體公司net sales 凈銷售額network puter(NC)網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī) new business selling 新業(yè)務(wù)銷售 new buy 購入新產(chǎn)品 new entrants 新進(jìn)入者New Prod screening model 新普羅德篩選模型newproduct ideas 新產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)意 Newsweek 《新聞周刊》newtask buying 全新采購newtotheworld products 世界性新產(chǎn)品 niche penetration strategy 壁龕/機(jī)會市場滲透戰(zhàn)略nichemarket strategy 壁龕市場戰(zhàn)略 nobrand brand name 無品牌的品牌名稱 nofrills product 無虛飾產(chǎn)品noise in munication system 傳播系統(tǒng)中的噪音nonfinancial rewards 非物質(zhì)性獎勵(lì)措施 nonprobability sampling 非概率抽樣 nonstore retailing 無店鋪零售業(yè) number of stockouts 遲滯數(shù)目 objectandtask method of promotion budgeting 目標(biāo)任務(wù)促銷預(yù)算法 objectives and strategy area audit 目標(biāo)與戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)域的審計(jì) objectives 具體目標(biāo) observation 觀察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本 occupation/position 職業(yè)/職位 odd pricing 奇/余數(shù)定價(jià)法 oeverall quality 總體質(zhì)量offinvoice discounts 發(fā)票之外的折扣 offsets 抵消交易 onair testing 廣播測試OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)歐佩克（石油輸出國組織）opening relationships 建立關(guān)系 operating supplies 生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)品 operational excellence 運(yùn)作管理水平opinion leaders 意見領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 opportunity cost 機(jī)會成本 opportunity identification 機(jī)會識別 opportunity/threat matrix 機(jī)會/威脅矩陣/ 10order cycle time 訂貨周期 order processing 訂單處理 organisational level 組織層次organizaitonal requirement planning 組織需求計(jì)劃organization area audit 組織領(lǐng)域的審計(jì) organization buying center 組織采購中心 organizational customer 組織顧客 organizational direct selling 組織直銷 organizational markets 組織市場 organizational purchasing 組織采購 organzational structure 組織結(jié)構(gòu) outdoor enthusiasts 戶外運(yùn)動愛好者 outofhome media 戶外廣告媒體 overall cost leadership 全面成本領(lǐng)先 overheads 日常開支ownership of new product 新產(chǎn)品所有權(quán) panel of experts 專家小組 parentage 淵源parties involved 交換中的各方 payment terms 支付條款 payoff control 支出控制 penetration pricing 滲透定價(jià)perceived customer value 顧客感知價(jià)值 perceived quality 感知到的質(zhì)量 perceived value 感知到的價(jià)值 percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 銷售額百分比促銷預(yù)算法 perceptions of consumers 消費(fèi)者感知/理解 perceptual(product)pisitioning 感知（產(chǎn)品）定位perceptual map 感知圖perceptual organization 感知組織 perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕 performance dimension 業(yè)績標(biāo)準(zhǔn) performance evaluation 業(yè)績評估 performance measures 表現(xiàn)/業(yè)績測度 performance objective 績效目標(biāo) performance standards 績效標(biāo)準(zhǔn) performance 功能 perishability 非持久性 personal selling 人員推銷 personal sources 個(gè)人的信息來源 personnel development 人力資源開發(fā) pharmaceuticals industry 醫(yī)藥行業(yè) physical(product)positioning 物理（產(chǎn)品）定位physical descriptors 物理變量 physical distribution 實(shí)物分銷 Pillsbury 皮爾斯博瑞 place utility 地點(diǎn)效用planning and control system area audit 計(jì)劃與控制系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域的審計(jì)point of sale information 銷售點(diǎn)信息 pointofpurhcase(POP)promotion 采購點(diǎn)促銷pointofsales(POS)data 銷售點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù) pontificator 保守派 popularity 通用性 population trends 人口趨勢portfolio models for resource allocation 資源配置的資產(chǎn)組合模式position intensity 地位集中程度 possession utility 擁有效用postpurchase dissonance 購買后的不協(xié)調(diào) postpurchase evaluation 購買后評估 power in distribution 分銷權(quán)力 power of buyers 購買者能力 power of suppliers 供應(yīng)商能力 predatory pricing 掠奪性定價(jià)法/ 10preempting scarce resources 先占稀缺資源 preferential treatment 特惠待遇 premiums 額外獎勵(lì)present petitors 現(xiàn)有的競爭者 presenting sales message 提供銷售信息 pretest market research 測試前市場研究 price discrimination 價(jià)格歧視price elasticity of demand 需求的價(jià)格彈性 price fixing 價(jià)格設(shè)定 price leaders 價(jià)格領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 price lining 價(jià)格排列定價(jià)法 price/earnings ration 價(jià)格/收益比 price