【正文】 Cengage Learning 2023 78 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 70 Language Issues ? Business must adapt to local cultures – “Think globally, act locally” – Provide local language versions of Web site ? Customers more likely to buy from sites in own language – 2555 percent of Inter content in English – Half of current Inter users do not read English – By 2023: 70% of emerce transactions will involve at least one party outside of the United States ? Languages may require multiple translations – Separate dialects 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 65 FIGURE 111 SWOT analysis questions 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 59 Strategic Business Unit Value Chains (cont’d.) ? Importance of primary activities depends on: – Product or service – Customers ? Central corporate anization support activities – Finance and administration – Human resource – Technology development 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 52 Network Economic Structures ? Neither market nor hierarchy ? Strategic alliances (strategic partnerships) – Coordinate strategies, resources, skill sets – Form longterm, stable relationships with other panies and individuals ? Based on shared purposes ? Strategic partners – Come together for specific project or activity – Form many interpany teams – Undertake variety of ongoing activities 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 46 Transaction Costs ? Total costs a buyer and seller incur – While gathering information and negotiating purchaseandsale transaction ? Costs include: – Brokerage fees and sales missions – Cost of information search and acquisition ? Sweater dealer example (Figure 16) 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 Product/Process Suitability to Electronic Commerce (cont’d.) ? Commodity item: wellsuited to emerce selling – Product or service hard to distinguish from same products or services provided by other sellers – Features: standardized and well known – Price: distinguishing factor ? Consider product’s shipping profile – Collection of attributes affecting how easily that product can be packaged and delivered – High valuetoweight ratio is desirable 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 32 FIGURE 14 Key characteristics of the first three waves of electronic merce 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 25 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 19 FIGURE 11 Elements of electronic merce 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 11 The Evolution of Electronic Commerce ? Electronic merce history – Rapid growth from mid1990s to 2023 – “Dot boom” followed by “dot bust” – 2023 to 2023: overly gloomy news reports – 2023: signs of new life ? Sales and profit growth return ? Electronic merce growing at a rapid pace ? Electronic merce bees part of general economy 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: ? What electronic merce is and how it has evolved ? Why panies concentrate on revenue models and the analysis of business processes instead of business models when they undertake electronic merce initiatives ? How economic forces have created a business environment that is fostering the continued growth of electronic merce 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 16 Categories of Electronic Commerce (cont’d.) ? Business processes – Group of logical, related, sequential activities and transactions ? Web helping people work more effectively – Telemuting (telework) 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 22 The Development and Growth of Electronic Commerce (cont’d.) ? Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) – Businesstobusiness transmission of puterreadable data in standard format – Standard transmitting formats benefits ? Reduces errors ? Avoids printing and mailing costs ? Eliminates need to reenter data ? Trading partners – Businesses engaging in EDI with each other – EDI pioneers (example: Walmart) improved purchasing processes and supplier relationships 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 29 The Third Wave of Electronic Commerce ? Factors in the third wave – Emergence of mobile merce ? Smart phone technology and tablet puters have made Inter available everywhere ? Everincreasing number of people have access to the Inter – Critical mass of mobile users with powerful devices – Widespread participation in social working ? Often used to promote or sell goods and services 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 36 Product/Process Suitability to Electronic Commerce ? Evaluating advantages/disadvantages of electronic merce ? Suitability is dependent on available technologies’ current state – Change as new emerce tools emerge 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 43 Opportunities for Electronic Commerce (cont’d.) ? Benefits extend to general society – Lower costs to issue and secure: ? Electronic payments of tax refunds ? Public retirement ? Welfare support – Provides faster transmission – Provides fraud, theft loss protection ? Electronic payments easier to audit and monitor – Telemuting reduces traffic, pollution – Products and services available in remote areas 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 50 FIGURE 17 Hierarchical form of economic anization 169。 Cengage Learning 2023 56 Identifying Electroni