【正文】 所以學(xué)習(xí)一們學(xué)科，我們不僅能理解一個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域，而且通過那種研究方法，我們對(duì)世界的理解也會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同。The world war II, 很多國家預(yù)期Hitler將要發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但是誰都沒有行動(dòng)。過去人們的生活方式，過去的氣候，過去的習(xí)俗。但是對(duì)于有代表性的，應(yīng)該盡可能保存。（解決資源：不用oneoff, 不穿動(dòng)物皮毛做的衣服和首飾jewelry 不食用野生動(dòng)物 shark fin）總結(jié)：人類加速了野生動(dòng)物的滅亡，對(duì)此應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)，野生動(dòng)物很重要，我們應(yīng)該去努力保護(hù)，但是對(duì)于不同的國家，責(zé)任分量不同，事實(shí)上，不需要花費(fèi)很多就可以保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物==================Issue 150================【題目】Because of television and worldwide puter connections, people can now bee familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon bee obsolete.【翻譯】由于電視和全球范圍內(nèi)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，人們現(xiàn)在可以熟悉很多以前從未涉足過的地方，其結(jié)果就是使得旅游變得過時(shí)了【題綱】Position: It is true that television and worldwide puter connections make people bee familiar with a great many places that they have never visited, whereas tourism does not bee obsolete as a result, in stead, it stimulated the development of tourism.同意前半句：首先，電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的確讓人們了解了很多他們沒有去過的地方。其實(shí)，新手和老手并沒有一個(gè)明確的區(qū)分，之所以要進(jìn)行這個(gè)對(duì)比，目的就是讓人們牢記一點(diǎn)，不僅要向老手一樣擁有深厚的知識(shí)，也應(yīng)該保持新手的活力，激情以及打破成規(guī)的勇氣=======================Issue121======================再次再次小得意一下~ 不過 能寫完就不錯(cuò)了 彪個(gè)800字121 At various times in the geological past, many species have bee extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species. 【翻譯】在過去不同的地質(zhì)時(shí)期，很多物種的滅絕都是自然因素造成，而并非人類行為?！咎峋V】觀點(diǎn)：承認(rèn)歷史學(xué)習(xí)可以讓我們?cè)谶^去的人身上找到共同點(diǎn)，但是上面太絕對(duì)了，歷史還有其他一樣很重要的作用?！咎峋V】觀點(diǎn)：同意很多情況下人們都是很大的選擇空間，但是也一些情況下沒有選擇。================issue141================【題目】Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.【翻譯】雖然大多數(shù)人都承認(rèn)個(gè)人的利益，但是事實(shí)上個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)成功需要的是一致。Consultative mittee咨詢委員會(huì)，及時(shí)補(bǔ)救4．總結(jié)：要看到任何事情不能極端化，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者也要學(xué)會(huì)適當(dāng)堅(jiān)持原則，也要學(xué)會(huì)聽取別人的意見。：在古代中國，時(shí)常有年幼的君王執(zhí)政，經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致國家混亂 chaos, in a mess, disordered,3．其他更好的方式：建立一個(gè)評(píng)估機(jī)制 如果符合 允許接著當(dāng) 如果不符合 且不是非常時(shí)期 也有成熟的新人 就換人=======================Issue160======================The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently mitted to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will acplish little.Firmly unswerving, insist on, persist in, stick to, persistence, insistence【翻譯】強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來說，最關(guān)鍵的能力就是要對(duì)一些原則和目標(biāo)堅(jiān)定不移?！究傤l率40】 【提綱】觀點(diǎn)：贊同1． 盡管這看起來是那么的荒謬 不理智 但事實(shí)的確如此2． 錢是如此的重要，他是公司運(yùn)營的基礎(chǔ)。 從效率角度 會(huì)導(dǎo)致不必要的爭(zhēng)吵＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝issue4＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ 4 No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.翻譯：在任何一個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中，除非有該領(lǐng)域之外的人引進(jìn)他們的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，否則該領(lǐng)域就很難獲得巨大的發(fā)展?！咎峋V】觀點(diǎn)：不同意。（5）結(jié)尾。觀點(diǎn)：事實(shí)上，社會(huì)對(duì)智力的重視過多，情感卻不夠。（metaphysics）就像讓一個(gè)剛會(huì)說話的孩子去當(dāng)教授一樣不可能。比如舊的習(xí)俗，對(duì)于女性的歧視等等。1承認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代化之間有時(shí)會(huì)有沖突。2．反過來說，而且基本倫理道德不具備的人當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是很危險(xiǎn)的一件事，比如希特勒HItLER。你可以透過觀察一個(gè)社會(huì)中人們的外貌和舉止來認(rèn)識(shí)該社會(huì)的理念和價(jià)值觀。Israeli Palestinian===================Issue 83=====================【題目】Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people.fossil【翻譯】政府應(yīng)該保護(hù)公共所有的野生地區(qū)，使得它們維持自然的狀態(tài)，即使這些地方十分地偏遠(yuǎn)因而大多數(shù)人無法到達(dá)。1． 什么是daily life:每天都發(fā)生 每天都要做的 一些表面的事情 routine，trivial, superficial2． 承認(rèn)歷史和daily life相關(guān)時(shí)有用：weather forecast3． 實(shí)際上 歷史的作用遠(yuǎn)不止于日常生活 他的作用很大 對(duì)個(gè)人 Contributing to moral understanding: studying stories of individuals and situations allow people to test their moral sense: “history teaching with examples” is a phrase to describe the use of a study of the pasta study not only of certifiable heroes, the great men and women of history who successfully worked through moral dilemmas, but also ordinary people who provided lessons on courage, diligence and constructive protest. Socrates Bruno 對(duì)社會(huì) providing materials available to other humanitiesHelping to predict (anticipate) the trend of societyproviding identity: this is unquestionably one of the reasons all nations encourage its teaching in some form. Also, merely defining in the present pales against the probability to form an identity in the rich past. History that that tells national stories, emphasizing on the distinctive features of national experience, drive home an understanding of national values and a mitment of national loyalty.我們可以從學(xué)習(xí)過去中了解自己，了解這個(gè)社會(huì)。例子Hegel 大學(xué)教授 很多諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)（Nobel Prize ）的獲得者都是一輩子工作在實(shí)驗(yàn)室。開頭：What does the cover stories most tell? Scandals! What does the news most report? Scandals! What is the hottest topic in the internet? Scandals! No doubt will anybody have that scandals catch such a huge attention and focus on a certain problem just as the author of this article says. But I don39。孩子的社會(huì)化對(duì)于整個(gè)社會(huì)來說的確很重要，但是顯然還有其他因素，所幸人們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣去培養(yǎng)孩子去更好的建設(shè)未來社會(huì)。但是如果一個(gè)孩子光學(xué)會(huì)這些交際的東西，不具備真材實(shí)學(xué)，甚至?xí)?duì)社會(huì)有害的。=======================Issue36======================36:the greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporariesDescendant,觀點(diǎn)：后人更容得出相對(duì)客觀的判斷1． 偉大的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：為社會(huì) 為他人作出的貢獻(xiàn) 利益 好處 2． 承認(rèn) 當(dāng)代人是經(jīng)常能夠給出正確的結(jié)論 比如各種獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)3． 相比后人 當(dāng)代人觀察的時(shí)間要短 要窄 信息要少 所以不能總是給出公正的結(jié)論 有很多人的成就在他所在的年代沒有得到確認(rèn) Schubert, Van Gogh, Schopenhauer4． 原因 除了觀察年數(shù)狹窄之外的這個(gè)主要原因 可能還因?yàn)? 嫉妒 相比之下 后人更容易給出更好的結(jié)論=====================Issue130=======================【題目】How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.【翻譯】現(xiàn)在孩子的社會(huì)化程度決定了社會(huì)的命運(yùn)。s desire of beauty for thousands of years. From the marvelous Great Pyramid of Khufu to Mona Lisa39。s claim that education is effective only when it meets the individual needs and interests, but the author unnecessarily extends this claim to each student, which I doubt the probability and effectivity for this measurement. From my angle, of course, the needs and interests of students should be fulfilled, but there also should be some public and basic courses for individuals whether he or she likes it or not. 承認(rèn) 滿足需求使學(xué)生更有興趣的學(xué)習(xí) 而興趣更是成功的一大重要因素和興趣的教育是好教育 從人類的歷史來看 滿足需求是趨勢(shì) 特別的需求同樣需要滿足 Helen