【正文】
盡管國際貿(mào)易可以使整個(gè)國家的福利變好,但也可能使一些個(gè)人的福利變壞。Management 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)效率 Comparative advantage and economic efficiency are related. People tend to produce goods at which they have a parative advantage. People have incentives to trade when the trade can create economic efficiency. Management 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)與貿(mào)易 這意味著牧場(chǎng)主在生產(chǎn)牛肉上擁有比較優(yōu)勢(shì),而農(nóng)場(chǎng)主在生產(chǎn)土豆上擁有比較優(yōu)勢(shì) Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。Management Diversity and Values 多樣性與價(jià)值 People do not gain from trade because they are more or less productive than others. People gain from trade because of diversity in their opportunity cost. Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。 能夠以更少的投入量生產(chǎn)出一個(gè)單位的相同商品的生產(chǎn)者在生產(chǎn)此物品上有 絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì) 。 表 2 . 貿(mào)易 的好處 : 總結(jié) 農(nóng)場(chǎng)主 牧場(chǎng)主 沒有貿(mào)易時(shí)的 生產(chǎn)量和消費(fèi)量 牛肉 土豆 牛肉 土豆 4盎司 16盎司 12盎司 24盎司 (假定各人平均分配 8小時(shí)) Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。 Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。 Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。 Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。 … 這些事還只截取了你生活中不到兩小時(shí)的片斷。 Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。Management 自給自足 SelfSufficiency 不考慮對(duì)方的存在 : 每個(gè)人消費(fèi)他自己所生產(chǎn)的商品。Management 農(nóng)場(chǎng)主和牧場(chǎng)主專業(yè)化分工并進(jìn)行交易 如果每人生產(chǎn)他們更擅長生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品,然后進(jìn)行交易,他們每個(gè)人的福利會(huì)變好。 衡量生產(chǎn)成本差異的兩種方法 : Prepared by XuYongguo, Antai School of Economicsamp。Manage