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論盜竊罪與認(rèn)定畢業(yè)論文-免費(fèi)閱讀

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【正文】 因此在認(rèn)定盜竊罪的“次數(shù)”時應(yīng)該以獨(dú)立占有侵害為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),當(dāng)然我們認(rèn)為這里的多次也因該有所限制,如按照周光權(quán)教授的觀點(diǎn):此多次應(yīng)指的是一年內(nèi) 3 次或者 3 次以上的盜竊行為21。上述情形中明顯存在兩個獨(dú)立的行為,但是其侵害的是同一個占有,也只是侵害了一個法益。因此次數(shù)的判斷應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮他人占有受到侵害的程度。如果行為人在同一個中午持續(xù)不斷地在兩家商場行竊,應(yīng)認(rèn)定為兩次 。因此,是兩次盜竊。那么對于“多次盜竊”我們應(yīng)如何把握呢?一九九八年的司法解釋規(guī)定為:對于一年內(nèi)入戶盜竊或者在公共場所扒竊三次以上的,應(yīng)認(rèn)定為“多次盜竊”。另外社會本身也是個動態(tài)的發(fā)展過程。⑶它是以國家物價部門核定的零售價計算的數(shù)額因?yàn)樽鳛樯唐返呢斘镉信l(fā)價、零售價等,因此財物的價值會有不同的表現(xiàn),只有以國有商業(yè)零售價計算才比較準(zhǔn)確,才能較準(zhǔn)確的反映出犯罪的社會危害性。鑒于本文主要探討中國的刑法問題,因此還是需要對數(shù)額進(jìn)行研究的。而所謂的定罪情節(jié),就是指行為人實(shí)施的危害行為對是否構(gòu)成犯罪具有較大影響的各種事實(shí)。依照刑法原理,意志因素是實(shí)現(xiàn)認(rèn)識因素的心理能力,它包括意志態(tài)度和意志努力兩個方面。因此,無論財物被盜時,是被財物控制人有形控制還是無形控制 ,它都屬于在他人控制之下。所謂的違法性是指,行為人在竊取財物時,應(yīng)該知道自己的行為是為法律所不允許的。下面筆者將著重分析下這兩個因素的特點(diǎn)。如金錢和實(shí)物,均為公私財物。如果是在人口稀少的公共場所或者交通工具上就不能認(rèn)定為扒竊所必備的場所。可以說這些說法基本上說明了扒竊的特征,但是筆者認(rèn)為還需要一些具體的說明?!鞍歉`”的認(rèn)定《刑法修正案(八)》把扒竊作為一種獨(dú)立的犯罪行為與數(shù)額較大、多次盜竊等并駕齊驅(qū),足以說明扒竊這種盜竊行為的危害性?!蔽覈箨懸灿袑W(xué)者持此觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為行為人只要認(rèn)識到其攜帶兇器即可,至于其出于何種動機(jī)則不影響攜帶兇器的認(rèn)定13。12 [日]大冢仁:《刑法概說》(各論),馮軍譯,北京:中國人人民大學(xué)出版社 2003 年版 第 5253 頁。此所謂兇器,并無種類之限制,凡是客觀上足以對人之生命、身體、安全構(gòu)成威脅、具有危險性均屬之11。假如只對“盜竊”進(jìn)行否定性評價,這就沒法和普通的盜竊相區(qū)分了。如果需要考慮主觀心態(tài),那么行為人是否構(gòu)成“入戶盜竊”則必須取決于其是否具有明確的犯罪意思。從這個意義上來講,“戶”的本質(zhì)特征應(yīng)當(dāng)界定為能夠?yàn)閭€人私生活提供安全穩(wěn)定的場所。因此不應(yīng)對戶做過多的擴(kuò)大解釋9。因此從司法實(shí)踐的需要出發(fā)點(diǎn),作為新增條款,急需對它進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的理解和把握。從秘密竊取的含義出發(fā),筆者認(rèn)為秘密竊取具有如下特點(diǎn):⑴主觀性特征就是指行為人自認(rèn)為不被財物持有人當(dāng)場發(fā)現(xiàn)的心態(tài)。因此對那些看起來好像是在大家都發(fā)覺的場合行竊的行為,也不一定就妨礙盜竊罪秘密性的成立。按照《刑法修正案(八)》的立法規(guī)定,盜竊罪的客觀方面表現(xiàn)為如下幾種,即秘密竊取數(shù)額較大的公私財物和多次盜竊、入戶盜竊、攜帶兇器盜竊、扒竊的。因此從法益保護(hù)的角度來說,不應(yīng)對非法持有人的“持有”進(jìn)行保護(hù)。因此盜竊非法持有自有物仍然侵害了國家財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)8。不過同時筆者也認(rèn)為,對借條的財產(chǎn)性的認(rèn)定應(yīng)是滿足一定條件的,比如竊取發(fā)生在特定的時空,借條本身也應(yīng)是合法的等。筆者比較認(rèn)可后一種觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)借條成為唯一證據(jù)的情況下,如果借條一旦失竊,則債權(quán)人的權(quán)益就會得不到法律上的保護(hù)。因此,很難說它們不具有價值性。從盜竊罪對象的特征來看,槍支、彈藥雖然具有可支配性、經(jīng)濟(jì)價值性,但我國刑法已經(jīng)明確規(guī)定對此類財物的竊取,不能以盜竊罪定罪而是以它罪處斷。如盜伐林木罪,雖然森林里的樹木也屬于財物,但因?yàn)樾谭▽ζ涮貏e規(guī)定,因此不應(yīng)以盜竊罪論處。如瑞士、巴西、德國等,因此把動產(chǎn)作為盜竊罪的對象這一做法是符合國際立法趨勢的。不過也有學(xué)者把不動產(chǎn)作為盜竊罪的犯罪對象的4。而客觀價值能夠滿足人們的生活和生產(chǎn)需要,而經(jīng)濟(jì)價值恰好是客觀價值的主要內(nèi)容。2論盜竊罪的認(rèn)定制、支配的物,才能作為作為盜竊罪的財物。(3)效用說認(rèn)為具有用途,有經(jīng)濟(jì)價值的物都是刑法上的財物。那么,是不是所有的財物都均可成為盜竊罪的對象呢?答案當(dāng)然是否定的,筆者認(rèn)為對這一問題1高銘暄主編:《新編中國刑法學(xué)》,北京:中國人民大學(xué)出版社,1998 年版,第 82 頁。作為轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國,我們現(xiàn)在也面臨著嚴(yán)重的盜竊犯罪問題。 intentional。第五部分,盜竊罪的停止形態(tài)。第三部分,盜竊罪的主觀方面。除前言和結(jié)語外,全文大致分為六個部分:第一部分,盜竊罪的犯罪對象的認(rèn)定。與我一同工作的同志對本研究所做的任何貢獻(xiàn)均已在論文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。作為侵占型財產(chǎn)犯罪之一的盜竊罪歷來都受到各個時代、各個國家的重視,中外的刑法學(xué)家們也在積極的跟隨社會發(fā)展的步伐,圍繞著盜竊案件具體形態(tài)的變化進(jìn)行研究和論證。秘密竊取是盜竊罪與其他財產(chǎn)侵占型犯罪相區(qū)別的一個主要的行為方式,本部分在論述盜竊罪的行為方式時,仍然堅持秘密竊取這一特點(diǎn)。第四部分,盜竊罪的定罪情節(jié)。關(guān)鍵詞:盜竊罪犯罪客觀方面犯罪故意犯罪著手3AbstractIn the democratic rule of law society, private lawful property rights, which shallnot be infringed has bee universally accepted fact. As the occupation of stealingthe property crime type, burglary has always been taken seriously by all ages andnations. With the pace of the social development, both foreign and Chinese criminallaw experts are studying and arguing the specific shape changes and verification aboutburglary. There are two reasons for the concerning of Stealing: the first is that itseriously infringe the protection of criminal Legal Interest. The second reason forconcerning is its plexity of in the judicial practice and the difficulty of judicialoperation. Combining with the plicated situation which often appears in judicialpractice, author will discuss the main problems of stealing, about 25000 words in all.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, full text can be divided into sixparts:the first part ,recogniziation of the object. As the feature, The academic circlehave some different ideas: some people think that it should be tangible, other peoplethink it should have management possibility and value .The author thinks that theobject of stealing should have four characteristics, namely: the ascedance, theeconomic value, the legal exclusion, especially the movable property.At the sametime, whether some special items (such as contraband, etc) can bee the object oftheft, the author think we should analyze detailed feather because of legal nature ofcontraband itself.The second part ,the cognizance of the objective behaviors. Secret filch is a mainpatterns of behavior which have been used to distinguish theft and other propertycrime.This part discuss the theft behavior , and still insist on this feature. Theauthor also puts forward to have a good understanding of the connotation and featuresof secret filch, such as subjectivity, time limiting , relativity. The second part, theauthor, based on the spirit of the amendment of criminal law (8) ,discuss a few kindsof special theft behavior: burglary, carrying weapon theft and pickpocketing. In itsconnotation and determination ,the author make a deep understanding and analysis ,1such as the understanding of burglary and the definition of the weapon , etc.The third part,the subjectivity. The subjective intent on stealing, I think, should bedirectly intentionally. Because the most important difference between the directintentional and indirect intentional is different volition. That who see what will stealwhat state of mind, can not evaluate for indirect intentional. About the directintentional, the author thinks that we should analysis the cognitive and motive factorswhich lie in volition , no matter what the theory will develop or the society will need .Such as cognitive factors which include understanding of criminal behavior and objectof crime. Grasping the two factors, it will be helpful for the judicial worker to identifythe stealing.The fourth part, the conviction of plot. The conviction of stealing plot directlyaffect the theft, sin and the sin of the determination. This part, we discuss the questionmainly from times and amounts .The author thinks that we should be sure tounderstand the times. At the same time, as in a large amount, we also
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