【正文】 621racy 177。lines converged are here disregarded. Only three paths(namely paths 1, 2 and 3) reach the observation point,The columns of transformation matrixes [Te] and [Ti], thatmake diagonal matrix [Z0][Y0] and matrix [Y0][Z0], respectively, are given by corresponding linear independenteigenvectors.3. Application of the CWTbased fault location procedureThe proposed method is ?rstly applied to the simple caseof a balanced (threephase) fault and then extended to theTr_1_20 MVAassumed at bus 4, ., the sending end of the main feeder.It is possible to correlate each path to characteristic frequencies of the fault transient recorded at the observationpoint by means of the following remarks: path 1 is associated to a period given by a traveling time equal to fourtimes L1 + L2 + L3 divided by the propagation speed, asthe traveling wave experience re?ections of opposite signat the fault location (bus 1) and at the sending end of themain feeder (bus 4). For paths 2 and 3, the associatedBUS2BUS1150 kV1 2150/20 BUS4L1_2kmBUS3L2_3kmBUS5L3_5kmPath 1Path 2Path 3Path 4Path 5Fig. 1. Power distribution network con?guration and paths covered by traveling waves caused by a fault at bus 1. L4_2 k m Lo ad L5_1 k m Lo ad Lo adA. Borghetti et al. / Electrical Power and Energy Systems 28 (2006) 608–61720bus 4bus 115 bus 2bus 310505101520611(a)201510505Time (s)bus 4101520bus 1bus 2bus 3(b)Time (s)Fig. 2. Voltage transients on a phase due a threephase fault at bus 1 as observed at three di?erent nodes (bus 2, bus 3 and bus 4), of the power distributionnetwork shown in Fig. 1: (a) general behavior and (b) detailed view.0102030Frequency (kHz)405060Fig. 3. Results of the CWTanalysis of the voltage transient of Fig. 2 at bus 4. The values are in per unit with respect to the maximum ( Vm240。Iph 188。 189。n188。 188。p???aW 240。0240。i222。 188。 188。112jW240。 accepted 31 March 2006AbstractThe paper illustrates a procedure based on the continuouswavelet transform (CWT) for the analysis of voltage transients due to linefaults, and discusses its application to fault location in power distribution systems. The analysis carried out shows that correlation existsbetween typical frequencies of the CWTtransformed signals and speci?c paths in the network covered by the traveling waves originatedby the fault. The paper presents a procedure for determining fault location in MV distribution systems, which exploits the abovementioned correlation. The MV distribution system analysed in the paper is accurately represented by means of an EMTP model。架空線路的特點和導(dǎo)體的幾何形狀如圖9所示。 這種方法適用于測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)、顯示一些特征頻率轉(zhuǎn)化的信號和具體網(wǎng)絡(luò)路徑相互之間的關(guān)系。這個程序已經(jīng)應(yīng)用到我們的情況下，開始準(zhǔn)確的定義提供規(guī)格或由制造商提供精度規(guī)格：精度為177。 ，主要取決于測量硬件。 250納秒 TTL脈沖用于同步測量系統(tǒng)。該數(shù)據(jù)采集卡輸出是離線分析，通過上述所描述的算法。 。 ，反復(fù)模擬和分析的考慮到故障電阻等于10。（b）在線端子L1+L2+L3及（c）L1+L5表示的是線端子。在總線1為零阻抗分三個階段故障。假設(shè)在總線四，即發(fā)送端的主要接口是有可能的關(guān)聯(lián)，在觀察點每個路徑特征頻率該故障暫態(tài)記錄的方式如下討論：路徑1是相關(guān)的一個時期所給予的行進時間等于四個時間L1+L2+L3除以傳播速度，思考作為行波的路徑在故障定位(總線1)的傳播路徑并在發(fā)送端的主要饋線（總線4）為連接路徑2和3 。 為基于轉(zhuǎn)化矩陣[]和平衡線的定義在式（8），把它們對應(yīng)到Clarke’s（）得到一些相同系數(shù)的變換矩陣[14 ]。隊之間的比賽，這些價值觀該CWT，確定頻率可以提供有用的信息為故障定位。CWT也是不斷在變化條件：在計算中，分析小波能通暢的轉(zhuǎn)移到完整的的分析函數(shù)區(qū)域中。根據(jù)傅立葉變換理論，如果中心頻率的基波是，那么的是/a之一。第4部分提出申請離散系統(tǒng)對稱故障和非對稱兩個方案，同時還介紹了為不同中性點接地的特點和故障的位置檢測所取得的成果。最有前途的解決這個大家關(guān)注問題的方法似乎是在離散系統(tǒng)中運用適當(dāng)?shù)男盘柼幚砑夹g(shù)引起電壓/電流瞬變產(chǎn)生的短路事件并記錄在一個或更多的位置。 在本文中分析MV離散系統(tǒng)是準(zhǔn)確地以EMPT模型為代表，以及研究各種故障類型和網(wǎng)絡(luò)特點。本文介紹了一些也基本測量概念和故障定位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)的分布式結(jié)構(gòu)。在本文中，使用了連續(xù)小波變換（CWT）算法?；谠揅WT程序是適用于這種以計算機模擬所得的單一結(jié)果與詳細(xì)EMPT（電磁暫態(tài)程序）模型離散系統(tǒng)，其特點和數(shù)據(jù)在附錄中描述。因此，不同的模型允許從原始信號提取不同頻率較大得等值的模型，相應(yīng)的以較低頻率所給予中心頻率和帶寬比率之間。在連續(xù)小波變換的分析是表現(xiàn)在分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)總線故障后記錄時間域上電壓瞬變。值得注意的是，增加的衍生波在多導(dǎo)體傳輸線涉及到存在不同的增加速度。由不平衡線性矩陣可以推斷，仍然可以使用基于程序[15]程序?qū)嵤〦MTP。，在總線1觀察在3個不同的節(jié)點（總線2 ，總線3及總線4 ） ，配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)所顯示的圖(1):（a）一般性能及（b）詳細(xì)的描述。檢測這三個路徑的主要影響：L3+L4，與之相對應(yīng)故障位置在總線2的和L1+L2+L4 反映在線路終端具有相同的結(jié)果， 而L2+L3+L5則是與反射線端子相同的結(jié)果。在連續(xù)小波變換分析中運用Morlet 基波，是能夠偵測到只與頻率相關(guān)兩條路徑，即第一個和第三個路徑，而第二路徑的頻率最大峰值似乎是隱藏的第一高峰期，由于基波通過大型過濾器的振幅影響。那些在表5和表6存在不平衡負(fù)載似乎沒有明顯的影響結(jié)果。每個單位，設(shè)在一些合適的總線的分銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)， 配備了GPS同步裝置和是能夠獲得雙方的出發(fā)瞬間的瞬態(tài)以及相關(guān)的波形。原型已具有以下的特點：以Pearson電壓差估價已使用VD305，與絕緣電壓300千伏的高峰值的大小比例10000V/1V，帶寬30 Hz至4兆赫（ 3分貝） ，上升時間100毫微秒，準(zhǔn)確性177。比較由于時間所instants對在不同的分布式測量單位接受的電壓瞬變. 在總線4電壓暫態(tài)連續(xù)小波變換分析的結(jié)果，由于總線5零阻抗分三個階段發(fā)生故障。在本節(jié)中，從樣本所獲得的描述的文獻(xiàn)初步分析的目的是評估的不確定性影響估計的故障定位的測量結(jié)果。1％傳感器其數(shù)據(jù)采集比率為177。結(jié)果表明，在考慮網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置和故障的類型基礎(chǔ)上，能夠提供達(dá)到預(yù)期的故障定位。其中地面電阻率假設(shè)等于100M圖 9 配置架空電纜截面的導(dǎo)體圖8 測量系統(tǒng)示意圖。 variousfault types and network characteristics are examined. The paper presents also the basic concepts of a measurement and fault locationprototype system with distributed architecture.2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Fault location。x222。 et2=2ej2pF0t:240。1s240。Tsas240。5222。a x222。 240。0By inspecting the relative maximum peaks of the obtainedscalogram ECWT(a), the most signi?cant frequency ponents of the signal are detected. From now on, thesefrequency ponents are called ‘CWTidenti?ed frequencies’ of the transient. The CWTidenti?ed frequencies canbe correlated to the propagation phenomena of the faultoriginated waves, traveling along the lines, and to theirre?ections at discontinuity points. For each fault location,some theoretical frequency values are calculated as a function of the length of the path covered by the travelingwaves, of the propagation velocities along the lines andof the type of re?ections. The match between these valuesthe CWTidenti?ed frequencies can provide useful information for the fault location.610A. Borghetti et al. / Electrical Power and Energy Systems 28 (2006) 608–617It is worth noting that the propagation of travelingwaves in multiconductor transmission lines, involves thepresence of di?erent propagation