【正文】 internal price fixed and price system. fixed price price factored model project entities and measures for the 2. Both entities of the project also includes measures in factors. The list of pricing model project amount is calculated based on the part of the physical separation of part of measures to facilitate business owners, actual project as an independent unit price of the individual cost control.fixed price of the Model Project Division focused on the method of construction, thus limiting the difference in the show, the price list of the model project will not be linked with the method, but the method of price factors in the Group of the price.四、Principal amount of the preparation of different project The fixed price, works by tendering and bidding were calculated by the plan. list of prices, works by tender uniform basis or missioned by the construction costs of the Advisory Unit uniform basis, the project inventory is an important ponent of the tender documents, the tender bidding basis for the project inventory, based on its own experience, technology and equipment, construction costs of enterprises, enterprise management autonomy may be fixed, price and price.五、Pricing according to different1. We use the fixed pricing is a pricing model for decades, its basic feature is the price = cost + fixed + documents, and as a basis for legal enforcement of, whether it is the preparation of project bidding, or bidding price for the tender offer are asThe only basis on contract the two sides share a fixed base price and cost criteria to determine prices and tender offer, the amount of fixed price and the market price of a touch on the impact of pricing pricing is based on the pricing of governmentled economic management plan based on the price control model, it embodies the Government39。其關(guān)鍵是必須進(jìn)入一個(gè)公平競爭的建筑交易市場。而工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)方法在一般情況下單價(jià)是相對固定下來的，減少了在合同實(shí)施過程中的調(diào)整活口，如果清單項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量沒有增減，能夠保證合同價(jià)格基本沒有調(diào)整，保證了其穩(wěn)定性，也便于業(yè)主進(jìn)行資金準(zhǔn)備和籌劃。按定額計(jì)價(jià)的唯一依據(jù)就是國家、省、有關(guān)專業(yè)部門制定的各種定額,其性質(zhì)為指導(dǎo)性；而工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)的主要依據(jù)是“清單計(jì)價(jià)規(guī)范”，其性質(zhì)是含有強(qiáng)制性條文的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),包括企業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素消耗量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、材料價(jià)格、施工機(jī)械配備及管理狀況、各項(xiàng)管理費(fèi)支出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。其次，工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)實(shí)現(xiàn)了定額管理方面的轉(zhuǎn)變。也曾提出過推行工程量清單報(bào)價(jià)，但實(shí)際上由于目前還未形成熟的的市場環(huán)境，一步實(shí)現(xiàn)完全開放的市場還有困難，有時(shí)明顯的是以量補(bǔ)價(jià)量價(jià)扭曲，所以仍然是以定額計(jì)價(jià)的形式出現(xiàn)，擺脫不了定額計(jì)價(jià)模式，不能真正體現(xiàn)企業(yè)根據(jù)市場行情和自身?xiàng)l件自主報(bào)價(jià)。而清單計(jì)價(jià)模式工程量計(jì)算方法是將實(shí)體部分與措施部分分離，有利于業(yè)主、企業(yè)視工程實(shí)際自主組價(jià)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了個(gè)別成本控制。三、單位工程項(xiàng)目劃分不同 按定額計(jì)價(jià)的工程項(xiàng)目劃分即預(yù)算定額中的項(xiàng)目劃分,以施工工序?yàn)橹鳎瑑?nèi)容單一（有一個(gè)工序即有一個(gè)計(jì)價(jià)項(xiàng)目,其劃分原則是按工程的不同部位、不同材料、不同工藝、不同施工機(jī)械、不同施工方法和材料規(guī)格型號,劃分十分詳細(xì)。在此模式下，工程價(jià)格由國家直接確定或者由國家給出一定的指導(dǎo)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，承包商可以在一定的幅度范圍內(nèi)予以競爭；工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)反應(yīng)的是市場定價(jià)，在此模式下，工程價(jià)格在國家有關(guān)部門間接調(diào)控和監(jiān)督下，由承發(fā)包雙方根據(jù)工程市場中建筑產(chǎn)品供求關(guān)系變化自主確定工程價(jià)格。二、工程造價(jià)構(gòu)成不同單位工程造價(jià)構(gòu)成形式不同 按定額計(jì)價(jià)時(shí)單位工程造價(jià)由直接費(fèi)、間接費(fèi)、利潤、稅金構(gòu)成,計(jì)價(jià)時(shí)先計(jì)算直接工程費(fèi),加上措施費(fèi)共同構(gòu)成直接費(fèi)，再以直接費(fèi)(或其中的人工費(fèi))為基數(shù)計(jì)算各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用、利潤、稅金,匯總為單位工程造價(jià)。工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)的工程項(xiàng)目劃分以工程實(shí)體為對象，較之定額項(xiàng)目的劃分有較大的綜合性,將形成某實(shí)體部位或構(gòu)件必須的多項(xiàng)工序或工程內(nèi)容并為一體，能直觀地反映出該實(shí)體的基本價(jià)格,它考慮工程部位、材料、工藝特征,但不考慮具體的施工方法或措施,如人工或機(jī)械、機(jī)械的不同型號等,同時(shí)對于同一項(xiàng)目不再按階段或過程分為幾項(xiàng),而是綜合到一起,如：磚砌化糞池按座綜合了挖土方、作墊層、池底板、砌磚池、抹灰、回填等。 定額計(jì)價(jià)模式的項(xiàng)目劃分中著重考慮了施工方法因素，從而限制了企業(yè)優(yōu)勢的展現(xiàn)，而清單計(jì)價(jià)模式的項(xiàng)目中不再與施工方法掛鉤，而是將施工方法的因素放在組價(jià)中由計(jì)價(jià)人考慮。 2. 工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)是屬于全面成本管理的范疇，其思路是“統(tǒng)一計(jì)算規(guī)則，有效控制水量，徹底放開價(jià)格，正確引導(dǎo)企業(yè)自主報(bào)價(jià)、市場有序競爭形成價(jià)格”。工作量清單計(jì)價(jià)模式采用的是綜合單價(jià)形式，并由企業(yè)自行編制。目前可能多數(shù)企業(yè)沒有企業(yè)定額,但隨著工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)形式的推廣和報(bào)價(jià)實(shí)踐的增加,企業(yè)將逐步建立起自身的定額和相應(yīng)的項(xiàng)目單價(jià),當(dāng)企業(yè)都能根據(jù)自身狀況和市場供求關(guān)系報(bào)出綜合單價(jià)時(shí),企業(yè)自主報(bào)價(jià)、市場競爭(通過招投標(biāo))定價(jià)的計(jì)價(jià)格局也將形成,這也正是工程量清單所要促成的目標(biāo)。 總而言之，隨著工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)形式的推廣和報(bào)價(jià)實(shí)踐的增加,企業(yè)將逐步建立起自身的定額和相應(yīng)的項(xiàng)目單價(jià),使企業(yè)根據(jù)自身狀況和市場供求關(guān)系報(bào)出綜合單價(jià),企業(yè)自主報(bào)價(jià)、市場競爭(通過招投標(biāo))定價(jià)的計(jì)價(jià)格局必將形成。競爭價(jià)的結(jié)果是在保證質(zhì)量的前提下，節(jié)約招標(biāo)人的投入，提高投標(biāo)人的經(jīng)營管理水平，使資源得到更合理的配置。s direct management of the project and control the development of market economy, we have raised the control volume, guide price, petition fee and separation volume and price, the formation of market petitive prices and other , the absence of a fixed management and fundamental changes in pricing models that reflect the volume and price can not really separate the formation of market petitive been raised by the implementation of BOQ, but in fact has not yet been shaped as a mature market environment, a step to achieve a fully open market, there are difficult and sometimes significant amount of price premium is the amount of distortion, so is still athe form of fixed pricing, fixed pricing model can not escape, can not truly reflect the business conditions under the market conditions and their own selfquotation.2. Bill of Quantities are the scope of a prehensive cost management, the idea is unified calculation rules, effective control of water, pletely freeing of prices, the right to guide enterprises to selfoffer, petitive an