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高中英語語法大全-免費閱讀

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【正文】 t know him well enough.     There is enough food for everyone to eat.     There is food enough for everyone to eat. 兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close與closely  close意思是近; closely 意思是仔細地    He is sitting close to me.    Watch him closely.2) late 與lately   late意思是晚; lately 意思是最近    You have e too late.    What have you been doing lately?3) deep與deeply   deep意思是深,表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上的深度,深深地    He pushed the stick deep into the mud.    Even father was deeply moved by the film.4) high與highly   high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當于much    The plane was flying high.    I think highly of your opinion.5) wide與widely   wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是廣泛地,在許多地方    He opened the door wide.    English is widely used in the world.6) free與freely  free的意思是免費;freely 的意思是無限制地    You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.    You may speak freely。注意:  a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長,副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。由限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) 性質(zhì)名詞的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案?!  。ㄥe) He is an ill man.  ?。▽Γhe man is ill.   (錯) She is an afraid girl.  ?。▽Γhe girl is afraid.   這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。4. 形容詞和副詞 形容詞及其用法形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征?! ?How many people are there at the meeting?   How much time has we left?   Many of the workers were at the meeting.   Much of the time was spent on learning few, little, a few, a little(a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞 a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點 few / little 為否定含義,沒有多少了?!?I don39。  Neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都不聰明。5) every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒有?!?Did any one call me up just now? 剛才有人打電話給我嗎?  No one.            沒有?!?) 泛指別的人或物時,用others當在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時,也用others?!  can39。如果替代的名詞時無形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不 用ones?!  ?Would you like句式中,表委婉請求或建議,如:      Would you like some coffee?    b. 在條件狀語從句中表示確定的意義時,如:    If you need some help,let me know.    c.  some位于主語部分,    Some students haven39。但如做表語,則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。t sing,neither (can) he.   neither 與nor   d. 如前句是否定式從句,則主句用neither,而不用 nor?!?a. both 與復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用,但 both… and…可與單數(shù)名詞連用?! ?) 不定代詞的功能與用法  a. 除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞?!?(whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語)    He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回來取他丟下的書。) 說明3:   疑問代詞用于對介詞賓語提問時,過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語中,疑問代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如: For what do most people live and work?    大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體) What are you looking for?    你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語) 說明4:   疑問代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如: I can39?!?對) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人?! ?c. 作主語補語    My point is this.    我的觀點就是如此?,F(xiàn)代英語中,兩組詞交替使用的實例也很多,例如:   He put all the books beside each other.    他把所有書并列擺放起來?! . 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語?!?b. 用于及物動詞+賓語+介詞   take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.   I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那個時候我不能打扮我自己?!   . 作介詞賓語,例如:   Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.   你應(yīng)當按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。 物主代詞1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:   John had cut his finger?! ?(賓格賓格) 代詞的指代問題1)不定代詞 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式場合使用時,可用he, his, him代替?!  ?He is taller than I/me.    He is taller than I am..2) 主格代替賓格  a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時可用主格代替賓格。s me.)說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補語。它們在定語從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語, 但none和由some,any,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語;every和no只能作定語。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表:數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)格主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyouhehimtheythem第三人稱shehertheythemitittheythem 如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友?! ?b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of…    The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。如:quite a lot  d. 在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當標語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞后:    Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。t write without pen or pencil.  沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字?!?)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前:  the People39?!?)指世上獨一物二的事物:  the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth  4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元?!?) 表示一個,意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。s room(兩間)  John and Mary39?!?) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber39。s,如the boy39。    如:sports meeting 運動會      students readingroom 學(xué)生閱覽室       talks table 談判桌      the foreign languages department 外語系  2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語時,其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 (可數(shù))  b. 當物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時,名詞可數(shù)。   d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。如:a dollar, two dollars。普通名詞又可分為下面四類:1)個體名詞(Individual Nouns):表示某類人或東西中的個體,如:gun。2)集體名詞(Collective Nouns):表示若干個個體組成的集合體,如:family?!?a meter, two meters  3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù)。   The Arabian Nights is a very interesting storybook.    一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書?!  his factory produces steel. (不可數(shù))   We need various steels. (可數(shù))  c. 當物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時,可數(shù)?! ?如:men workers  women teachers    gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞,作定語時,s保留。s bag 男孩的書包,men39。s 理發(fā)店。s room(一間) 6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語,39。   A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一類人或物。the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人。s Republic of China  中華人民共和國  the United States  美國 9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前:  She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。 9)當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞;by bus,by train;  10)有些個體名詞不用冠詞;如:  school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義;    go to hospital  去醫(yī)院看病    go to the hospital  去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞; a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞  b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞  He came first in the race. c. 在固定詞組中  at (the) first,first of all,  from first to last 冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)1) 兩個形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個不同東西。   當名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后?! ?c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than… The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%?!   t39。  如: That is a good idea.   那是個好主意。如: Do you have a car?  你有一輛小汽車嗎? Yes,I have one.  是的,我有一輛?! ∪纾?He is the man whom you have been looking for.  他就是你要找的那個人?,F(xiàn)
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