【正文】 n, October 2006[15] In flight measurement of INS attitude and heading accuracy (LOLA project), Y. Paturel et al. ,Symposium Gyro Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2007.[16] Recent investigations on FOG technology under Vibration, the way forward Inertial NavigationSystems, J. Honthaas et al. , Symposium Gyro Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2008.[17] Analyse de la fiabilit233。 8 參考文獻(xiàn)[1] Ng I, Pines D. Characterization of ring laser gyro performance using the Allan variance method[J].Journal of Guidance，Control and Dynamics，l997，20(1):2112l4[2] Ford J J, Evans M E. Online estimation of Allan variance parameters[J]．Journal of Guidance，Control and Dynamics，2000，23(6)：980—987[3] Lam Q M，Stamatakos N，Woodruff C，eta1．Gyro modeling and estimation of its random noise sources[c].AIAA Guidance, Navigation，and Control Conference and Exhibit，Austin，Texas，2003[4] 熊凱，雷擁軍，[J].空間控制技術(shù)與應(yīng)用,2010,36(3).[5] [M].北京：國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社，2008.[6] 張桂才,[M].北京：國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社，2002.[7] 嚴(yán)恭敏，李四海，[M].北京：國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社，2012.13譯文FIBEROPTIC GYROSCOPES KEY TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANTAGESFabien NapolitanoiXSea, an iXBlue panyChief Product Development Officer1 IntroductionThis paper is a short analysis of key technological advantages of FiberOptic Gyroscope (FOG) technology for high performance applications over peting technologies. In particular, we show the advantages of the FOG technology over the RingLaser Gyroscope (RLG) technology.In the first section, we emphasize the differences and similarities between FOG and RLG.In the second section, we list several advantages of FOG technology.Evidence is provided with reference to published documents available on demand (see reference list at the end).2 FiberOptic Gyroscopes and RingLaser GyroscopesThis section is based on references [1], [2], [24] and in particular [18] for the parison between FiberOptic Gyroscope technology and RingLaser Gyroscope technology. Similarities and technological differencesFOG and RLG technologies are based on the same physical principle discovered at the beginning of the 20th century that is called the Sagnac effect. This effect shows that the propagation time of light along a closedloop path depends on its rotation rate.In the original experiment, light circulated only once along a closed path defined by mirrors, hence a very small effect. However, with the advent of the laser in the 60s, and the lowattenuation optical fiber in the 70s, it became possible to enhance this physical effect and then very accurately measure rotation rate.While based on the same physical principle, and having similar theoretical performance, the designs of FOG and RLG are very different technologically:An RLG is based on a gas laser in a sealed ringcavity with very highquality mirrors. The cavity acts as an active resonator for the two counterpropagating waves that can then recirculate several thousands of times (the exact number depends on the precise design). This amplifies the Sagnac effect, but also provides a natural linear readout, by simply rebining both counterpropagating wave outputs and measuring directly their frequency beating that is proportional to the rotation rate.A FOG is based on an opticalfiber coil in a passive interferometer and uses a solidstate semiconductor source. Light can also recirculate in the multiturn fiber coil several thousands of times (again, the exact number of turns depends on the precise design) to enhance the Sagnac effect. However, in such a passive interferometer, the signal is a phase difference between both counter propagating waves and not a frequency difference anymore. The raw response is then a power dependent nonlinear rise cosine, but very efficient alldigital signal processing techniques (patented by iXSea) enabling the user solve the problem perfectly, and also get an accurate lownoise linear response. These processing techniques provide in addition a very small angular increment, much smaller than the one naturally obtained in an RLG. Consequences of the technological differences between FOG and RLGThe different technological implementations of the Sagnac principle in FOG and RLG have several important consequences. Simple and controllable manufacturing (FOG) versus plex manufacturing(RLG)A FOG uses optical ponent technologies (optical fiber, semiconductor light source, integrated optic circuit to name but a few) developed for the Tele industry and whose lifetime and reliability have been proven on a large scale. FOG manufacturing is actually an assembly of these standard teletechnology ponents and is petitive even with small production quantities [4].On the other hand, an RLG is based on delicate manufacturing processes with very specific ponents (sealed cavity, mirrors to name just two). The manufacturing of RLG requires large and plex production facilities with obviously very severe requirements to ensure the quality of the final product. Moving parts (RLG) versus solidstate (FOG)At low rotation rates (typically under 100176。支持ISP，ESD。5干涉式光纖陀螺硬件部分方案干涉型光纖陀螺儀的硬件部分主要包括：前置放大濾波模塊、A/D 和D/A模塊、數(shù)字信號(hào)處理模塊等。實(shí)現(xiàn)光電轉(zhuǎn)換的組件是前置放大器。C生產(chǎn)能力1000只／年700只／年外形尺寸30mm18mm5mm35mm18mm5mm Y型集成光路的指標(biāo)對(duì)比 多功能集成光路實(shí)物圖與外觀尺寸 Y型集成光路的實(shí)物圖與尺寸 探測(cè)器采用跨阻抗放大器的高靈敏度PINFET光接收元件，用來(lái)探測(cè)旋轉(zhuǎn)引起的光強(qiáng)變換。30dB半波電壓163。最佳的多功能陀螺芯片的典型尺寸是：厚度為1mm，寬度為幾毫米，長(zhǎng)2035mm。其中Y分支作為線圈分支器，一個(gè)在線光纖接頭或光纖耦合器作為光源分束器，其尾纖充當(dāng)空間濾波器。 保偏光纖應(yīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)光纖陀螺中常用的大多數(shù)保偏光纖均基于光纖包層中附加的應(yīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)引起的線性雙折射。（1）為了限制線圈的體積，光纖的尺寸應(yīng)盡可能小。光學(xué)環(huán)行器是不可逆光學(xué)器件，意味著穿過(guò)該設(shè)備引起的光的任何性質(zhì)改變，當(dāng)光反向輸入時(shí)并不會(huì)得到相反的結(jié)果。由于光纖陀螺的標(biāo)度因數(shù)是用光源的平均波長(zhǎng)決定的，溫度引起的波長(zhǎng)漂移會(huì)造成旋轉(zhuǎn)速率的檢測(cè)誤差。對(duì)于波長(zhǎng)譜寬的SFS來(lái)說(shuō)，根據(jù)公式： ()得到相應(yīng)的光學(xué)帶寬為量級(jí)。grid onxlabel(39。endfigure(1)plot(*[1:N],y0)。y=y0。\itf\rm/Hz39。\it\epsilon\rm/(\circ)/h39。for k=2:lener(k)=Phi*er(k1)+sQkr*randn(1,1)。 fs=200。Hz=1。假定以上的各種噪聲的隨機(jī)過(guò)程在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上都是獨(dú)立的，則總的Allan方差應(yīng)是各項(xiàng)噪聲的Allan方差的和，即 建模與仿真在建立陀螺漂移數(shù)據(jù)的模型中，通常由平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)過(guò)程與非平穩(wěn)過(guò)程組合而成。數(shù)組的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，則Allan方差可按式（）計(jì)算：