【正文】 這些情況已按雙方屈服線方法 研究過，同時(shí)考慮到影響力膜 (Bailey, 2020)和有限元技術(shù) 。 這 容易使 設(shè)計(jì)師和建筑 規(guī)范制定者認(rèn)為 到只有灑水系統(tǒng)都受到不確定性 的影響。 還 有一些避免建筑受到重大損害等的其他目標(biāo)。 如果 窗戶可以防破碎，空氣中的任何物質(zhì)都無法進(jìn)入著火房間的話，火勢(shì)就不會(huì)發(fā)展為大火災(zāi)。 當(dāng)接觸到足夠的氧氣 時(shí)， 這些氣體燃燒產(chǎn)生熱 。 它通常 用等量木材的 MJ/m2 或 kg/m2來表示。一個(gè)房間如果有防火的墻壁和地板則可以將火勢(shì)限制在房間之內(nèi)而不向相鄰房間蔓延。提高 消防意識(shí)和消防反應(yīng) ， 將有利于減少在被 使用 的時(shí)間 的 重大火災(zāi) 的發(fā)生。 3 建筑物 內(nèi)的火災(zāi) 消防安全因素 現(xiàn)在考慮 在辦公樓 的使用區(qū)域發(fā)生的火災(zāi)（ 見圖 1）（ 情形 2）。 溫度 的升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致材料的 熱膨脹 ， 并最終 導(dǎo)致整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞。 據(jù)估計(jì) ，只有 不到 五分之一的火災(zāi)需要報(bào)警，大多數(shù)的火災(zāi)都在起火的房間中得到了控制。 火災(zāi)根源 在大多數(shù)情況下 （叢林 大火 排除在外）， 火災(zāi)源于人 們?cè)?建筑 內(nèi) 的活動(dòng)或置于建 筑中的 設(shè)備故障 。我們需要的是 一項(xiàng)工程 性的 而不是指令性的 11 解決辦法 。首先 需要指出的 是， 設(shè)計(jì)一幢 防火 大樓只考慮建設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu) 或者 是否有足夠的結(jié)構(gòu) 性是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不 夠的。 廣西工學(xué)院鹿山學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文翻譯 題 目： 結(jié)構(gòu)特性分析 系 別： 土木工程系 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 土木 L084 姓 名： 王一帆 學(xué) 號(hào)： 20202017 指導(dǎo)教師： 琚宏昌 二〇一二年二月二 十四 日 Designing Against Fire Of Buliding John Lynch ABSTRACT: This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. It is found that fire and the associ ated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and earthquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly influence the rate of fire starts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrical systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems such as sprinklers and to provide measures within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of fire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are directly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multistorey building constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure supporting the building over the railway and the levels above the transfer structure are considered in the context of current regulatory requirements. The principles and assumptions associ ated with various approaches are discussed. 1 外文 文獻(xiàn) ： Designing Against Fire Of Buliding John Lynch ABSTRACT: This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. It is found that fire and the associ ated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and earthquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly influence the rate of fire starts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrical systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems such as sprinklers and to provide measur es within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of fire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are directly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multistorey building constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure supporting the building over the railway and the levels above the transfer structure are considered in the context of current regulatory requirements. The principles and assumptions associ ated with various approaches are discussed. 1 INTRODUCTION Other papers presented in this series consider the design of buildings for gravity loads, wind and design of buildings against such load effects is to a large extent covered by engineering based standards referenced by the building regulations. This is not the case, to nearly the same extent, in the case of fire. Rather, it is building regulations such as the Building Code of Australia (BCA) that directly specify most of the requirements for fire safety of buildings with reference being made to Standards such as AS3600 or AS4100 for methods for determining the fire resistance of structural elements. The purpose of this paper is to consider the design of buildings for fire safety from an engineering perspective (as is currently done for other loads such as wind or earthquakes), 2 whilst at the same time,putting such approaches in the context of the current regulatory the outset,it needs to be noted that designing a building for fire safety is far more than simply considering the building structure and whether it has sufficient structural is because fires can have a direct influence on occupants via smoke and heat and can grow in