【正文】 m230。m?tist] of the 18 th century.Sheridan’s plays, especially The Rivals 競爭者（情敵） and The School for Scandal 造謠學(xué)校, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw 伯納德小叢林[b?:39。r?lel]并行的 words and phrases. However, no Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。trik?l] devices such as suspense, coincidence and unexpectedness. Samuel[39。v???d?]航海 to the Flying Island of Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift satirizes[39。sineiti?]迷人的. His sentences are sometimes shot, crisp 脆的 and plain, and sometimes long and rambling 漫游的, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration[n230。d230。zɑ:nd?] Pope(亞歷山大班揚(yáng))? 代表作：The pilgrim’s progress(天路歷程)? 天路歷程：最成功的宗教寓言? 天路歷程的主旨：尋求精神上的救世主? 天路歷程的文學(xué)形象：宗教的，忠誠的，柔韌的? 天路歷程中“vanity fair”：浮華世界，名利場? 英國新古典主義時(shí)期的作家 John Bunyang 寫的“天路歷程”的主旨：告訴人 Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。kl230。?:ɡ?n?m]新工具 is written by Francis Bacon.Novum Organum is a successful treatise[39。 copyright for ck 第 11 頁? Bacon 認(rèn)為，人類的理解力包括三個(gè)方法：對歷史的記憶，對詩歌的想像和創(chuàng)造，對人類理性的哲學(xué)? Bacon 的詩：簡短，致密，有力? Bacon 在 Of studies 中提出：某些書是需要嘗的，某些書需要吞，某些書需要咀噬和消化? Of studies 是 Bacon 的 58 行詩? Bacon 寫的 Novum Organum(新工具)是用拉丁文寫的一套方法（methodology）? Bacon’s Of Studies reveals to us his matute attitude to learning.? Of studies: 讀書使人充實(shí),討論使人有準(zhǔn)備,寫作使人嚴(yán)謹(jǐn) (exact)? 培根的散文集是英國文學(xué)的典范The Advancement of Learning is a great tract on 育的一個(gè)重要階段According to Bacon, man’s understanding consists of three parts:A history to man’s memory。du:] About Nothing 小題大做, As you like it, Twelfth night, The merry wives of windsor[39。rei∫?n]志向 in a hostile moral order。 copyright for ck 第 8 頁 Marlowe(克里斯托夫[39。d?efr?] ????????喬叟的坎特伯雷故事集 Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas [raim]押韻詩節(jié) of various types to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse ?`l?t?r?t?v]adj. 頭韻的, 頭韻體的 Chaucer was called the father of English Renaissance Period(文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期)? 文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期：中世紀(jì)自現(xiàn)代的中間轉(zhuǎn)折期（14 世紀(jì)到 17 世紀(jì)中葉）? 文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，古羅馬和希臘文學(xué)的重新發(fā)現(xiàn)? 文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的本質(zhì)：人道主義? 文藝復(fù)興的重大改革：圣經(jīng)的傳播? 文藝復(fù)興的宗教改革：階段斗爭? 英國文學(xué)家認(rèn)為 Petrarch 彼德拉克是文學(xué)的根源? 文藝復(fù)興早期，詩歌和戲劇是最突出的形式，代表人物 Ben Johnson, William Shakespeare.? 伊麗莎白戲劇是文藝復(fù)興的主流? 文藝復(fù)興影響英國比較慢，不僅因?yàn)橛h(yuǎn)離歐洲大陸，還因?yàn)橛膬?nèi)亂? 文藝復(fù)興的本質(zhì)是人文主義者摒棄封建主義，推動(dòng)新思想的一場運(yùn)動(dòng)? 文藝復(fù)興是英國的文學(xué)黃金時(shí)期The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid17th centuries. Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。?ɡl?u39。弗洛斯特) ........................................................................................51 Eugene O’Neill(尤金witm?n](華爾特lf] [39。葉芝） ................................................................34 . Eliot[39。elj?t] (喬治T?:RI?N] PERIOD 維多利亞時(shí)期 ....................................................26 Charles Dickens(查爾斯科勒律治) ..............................................................................22 Gee Gordon Byron(喬治mju?l] Johnson(塞繆爾d230。 莎士比亞) ........................................................................................9 Bacon(弗蘭西斯edm?nd] Spenser(埃德蒙liɡ39。斯威夫特) .......................................................................17 Henry Fielding(亨利布萊克) .....................................................................................................20 William Wordsworth(威廉濟(jì)慈) ...............................................................................................................24 Jane Austen[39。丁尼生 ) ....................................................28 Robert Browning（羅伯特 i] (約翰喬伊斯） .................................................................37第二章 美國文學(xué) ..............................................................................40 ROMANTIC PERIOD(浪漫主義時(shí)期) .........................................................................40 Irving[39。θ230。狄金森) .............................................................................................48 Theodore Dreiser(西奧多 copyright for ck 第 4 頁第一章 英國文學(xué) 上古世紀(jì)及中世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)簡介? 古英文學(xué)范圍：4501066，羅馬征服英國? 古英詩分為兩類：宗教類和世俗類? Beowul(貝奧武夫 )，古英國民族史詩例子? 贊揚(yáng)騎士或其它英雄的浪漫史：中世紀(jì)? 喬叟的坎特伯雷集：第一次描寫中世紀(jì)英國社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)? 喬叟介紹來自法國的押韻詩節(jié)，來代替英國的頭韻詩節(jié)? 喬叟：英國詩歌之父? 喬叟把角色提到一個(gè)立體的高度，有個(gè)人獨(dú)特的氣質(zhì)? 中世紀(jì)的英國文學(xué)是一個(gè)空洞的(barren)時(shí)期The period of old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman Conquest of England.Generally speaking, the Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: the religious group and the secular[39。r?uik] deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval[?medi39。petr:k] was regarded as the fountainhead 根源 of literature by English In early stage of the Renaissance, poetry and poetic[p?u39。mel?di]旋律 完好的旋律? A rare sense of beauty。pai?ri?]追求 for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.The theme of :A It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness。 to suffer or to take action.? 許多人把“威尼斯商人”看作是基督徒的虛偽，對猶太人的不公正William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights 劇作家 and poets the world has ever know. With his 38 plays, 154 soos 十四行詩 and Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。tr230。ktnis]致密性、密度 and powerfulness. “Studies serve for delight, for ornament[39。 copyright for ck 第 13 頁imaginative. Milton(約翰 The eighteenthcentury England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment 啟蒙時(shí)代 or the age of Reason 理性時(shí)代In the theatrical[θi39。vei∫?n]精神上的救世主Christian, Faithful and pliable[39。r