英語(yǔ)合同的特點(diǎn)和翻譯-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)The excepted risks are war, hostilities, ...civil war, or unless solely restricted to employees of contractor or of his subcontractors and arising from the conduct of the works , riot, motion or disorder, or...原譯文，”意外風(fēng)險(xiǎn)“包括戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，敵對(duì)...內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，或在工程進(jìn)行中，由承包商的雇員、分包商制造的動(dòng)亂混亂，...unless solely restricted to...of the works 的本意是”只要不是純粹由...所制造的以及不是因...而產(chǎn)生的“，由于沒弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，譯文正好與原文背道而馳。without prejudice to有”不使合法權(quán)利等受損害“不違背，不影響。漢語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中的目的狀語(yǔ)通常由”為了。In case one or both parties are not in a position to fulfill the relevant provisions mutually agreed upon due to force majeure, it should be made known to the other in time. In such cases, it is permitted to postpone the implementation of the agreement, or to implement it at all, or to exempt the party or parties involved partially or entirely from the liability for an agreement breach, provided a valid certificate is obtained as an evidence issued by some petent authorities.此條款中provided引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)表示的是規(guī)定性的必要條件，在深層結(jié)構(gòu)上具有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，譯成中文時(shí)可以采用并列句置于全句之后。Should for certain reasons the buyers not be able to inform the seller of the foregoing details 10days prior to the arrival of the vessel at the port of loading or should the carrying vessel be advanced or delayed, the buyer or their chartering agent shall advise the sellers immediately and make necessary arrangement.本句包含有兩個(gè)并立的由should引導(dǎo)的表示假設(shè)條件的狀語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)中又包含了一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)和一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成中文時(shí)保持原文的順序。Licensee may terminate this contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to licensor upon the happening of one of the following events.，間接表達(dá)方式少本條款不適用于尚未全部?jī)敻兜膫钟姓?。Perform and fulfill 履行 terms and conditions 條款 null and void 無效 secret and confidential 保密 “made and entered into”、“amendments to and alteration of ”provisions and stipulations規(guī)定”、“force and effect”是幾組同義詞。Liquidation 清算instead of cancel, termination instead of end, execute instead of sign, by virtue of instead of according to, liability責(zé)任 instead of responsibility譯；All disputes arising from the execution of or in connection with the contract shall be through amicable negotiation between both parties.此例句中協(xié)商一詞用negotiation 比consultation更為正式，因?yàn)閚egotiation在起草合同前譯為”談判“， 而履行合同中所產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)議也是談判。 D/P Documents against Payment 付款交單 collection 托收 B/L 提單 consigner 發(fā)貨人 irrevocable sight L/C 不可撤銷的即期付款信用證 term of payment 支付條款 down payment 首期付款，定金 due diligence 克盡職責(zé)，應(yīng)有的注意商務(wù)合同中存在的外來詞大多源于拉丁語(yǔ)或法語(yǔ)，有些則是由其詞根派生或合成，它們的意義比較穩(wěn)定，利于精確表達(dá)概念，但使用范圍有局限。商務(wù)合同翻譯中的主要要求是：第一，忠實(shí)于原文的內(nèi)容，將原文的內(nèi)容充分表達(dá)出來，無任意增減刪略或歪曲背離。 That引導(dǎo)的則是后置定語(yǔ)修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞。最后，分析句子中是否有固定搭配、插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。4， 同義詞，近義詞， 相關(guān)詞的并列使用英文合同出于嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和杜絕漏洞的考慮， “made and entered into”, “by and between”, “for and in consideration of”, “covenants and agreements”, “on the terms and subject to the conditions” “terms and conditions” ”release and discharge”5, 古英語(yǔ)與外來詞的應(yīng)用(borrowing words)使用古英語(yǔ)最為突出的是較多使用here, there, where 加后綴in, by after, from等介詞構(gòu)成的詞。 “理解合同“ 用”construe a contract” 或” prehend a contract” 或”prehend a contract”, 而不用”understand a contract”。 ”財(cái)務(wù)年度末“一般用”at the close of the fiscal year”, 而不用” in the end of the fiscal year”。 “在……之前”一般用“prior to”, 而不用”before”。 “認(rèn)為”用“deem”, 用”consider” 少，不用”think” 或”believe”.3,用詞專業(yè)(technical)合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉(zhuǎn)移，它是合同語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的保障。 在法律文件中用這些詞，可以避免重復(fù)， 避免歧義， 使行文準(zhǔn)確，簡(jiǎn)潔。（1）The Buyer may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against th
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