【正文】 盡管在20世紀(jì)純工藝品的制作通常采用新的制造工藝，人們對兩種工藝品的基本態(tài)度仍然保持對立。因為它們最主要的并不是體現(xiàn)其功能性，其實它們僅受限于制作材料的性質(zhì)。自然規(guī)律決定了實用工藝品的一般形式，而不是武斷的結(jié)論決定的，它們遵循基本的樣式，以至于它們的功能不會變化太大。s purpose is primarily aesthetic. ○Objects serve a functional purpose. ○The incidental details of objects do not vary. ○Artists work to overe the limitations of their materials. ○The basic form of objects varies little across cultures. ○Artists work in concert with their materials. ○An object39。 and as for the one passage in the simulated exam, though with a little difficulty, I nevertheless succeeded make an electronic text of it. Of course, I finished all these questions and attached the answer to end of this text. Eventually, the final “deluxe” edition of this text, including 53 passages in aggregate (3 passages in TPO are abstracted from OG, so they are exactly the same. Then taking 3 from 56 leaves 53 passages at last. ) I insist that before carefully finished and studied these 53 passages, we should not let ourselves distracted by any other materials. Sometimes, I yelled to my students, only a joke, “If you had not studied these passages and questions 3 times at least, how could you be barefaced enough to sit in the exam room? Shame on you to waste your mother’s money buying other costly books!” In addition, have you got ants in your pants every time you make a stab at writing? Do you go berserk for your personal statement? If you are preparing for the iBT, SAT, GRE, etc, writing, essays, or your personal statement, these passages can also be of help: polished by ETS, words, sentence, and structures of these passages are “epic…”, and worth imitating for nonenative English users. Frequently, friends asked me to help with their personal statement, plaining why what they had written looked so na239。”我說，“看唄，看唄：托福文章看多了，寫作能力自然就提高了。報名之時ETS贈送的3篇在線測試題4. ETS官方給出的?？架浖谐槌龅?篇文章； 于是這個文檔在我的一時興起之下，出現(xiàn)了：OG拿在手上，可以一個個字的敲成電子版；TPO的所有考試都是在自己的計算機進行，于是可以一邊花錢參加考試,一邊截圖與錄像再利用截下來的圖片，逐個的敲下來；早期的ETS贈送的3篇在線測試題，我也恰好有電子版本；官方的?？架浖晕⒂命c功夫，就能將文章提取并復(fù)制出來。會定期更新黃金精選閱讀最新版本,歡迎熱心同學(xué)定期轉(zhuǎn)載新托福精選閱讀 真題[2010年1月10日 ]俺常常收到同學(xué)們的郵件，要我推薦各種各樣閱讀材料,問我iBT的復(fù)習(xí)資料中 Barron, Longman, Delta等等哪個更好。在這53篇由ETS出的文章沒有做完之前，我們實在不應(yīng)該花時間在任何其他的題目之上。3. 3 passages provided by ETS to the applicants for a test on line in the early time of iBT,4. 1 passages extracted from the simulated exam software provided by ETS。 that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object39。這些實用工藝品以自然規(guī)律為基礎(chǔ)，它們的制作材料及其容納、支撐、遮蓋的內(nèi)容需要符合這些規(guī)律。所以人們認為對純工藝品的生產(chǎn)來說也是一樣。這樣設(shè)計是因為需要金屬球來支撐腿的重量。 hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.類似困難都是藝術(shù)家們必須克服的，這些困擾往往影響了藝術(shù)家對于工藝品的設(shè)計。它們的區(qū)別不是基本功能的不同，而是那些不影響其基本功能的細節(jié)存在區(qū)別。根據(jù)工藝品的實用性，我們可以把手工藝品簡單分為：容器，遮蔽物，支撐物。s primary function. Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of appliedart objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fineart objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fineart objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that appliedart objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overe by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor39。 in fact, I discovered that the passage types, sentence patterns, arguing methods, and arrangement of questions are not quite consistent with, and sometimes even wildly divergent from those of ETS. I reflect that practicing with these materials cannot expect a satisfactory result. At this, we should collect ETS’s original passages and questions. Such passages available include:1. 13 passages in Official Guide (OG)。（由于TPO之中有3篇文章與OG中完全重復(fù),于是減去3篇,只剩下53篇。在文勇的網(wǎng)站再花了些時間，把這53篇文章都做了答案，附在文章的后面。每當(dāng)聽到這個問題，我都會裝做趙本山的樣子來一句“誰用誰知道～～” 文勇IntroductionMany students sent me Email, asking me to remend some reading materials. Of assorted iBT preparing materials, Barron, Longman, Delta, etc, which is the best? As often as not, I feel at a loss: does brand equal to quality? These branded institutions are highly publicized, however, their passages and questions are not necessarily of quality. Does the brand “Sanlu” mean something to you? “QUALITY and safety are the foundations of social harmony,” proclaim posters at the headquarters of the Sanlu Group, until recently one of China’s biggest producers of milk powder. Now we all know that Sanlu Scandal has been more than an embarrassment. To say that these “branded” passages are not of quality does not mean they are not stylish, elegant or carefullywritten。 that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object39。但最初人們根據(jù)工藝品的功能將他們通通定義為“實用工藝品”。但是，并不是所有的功能物品都一模一樣，比如我們知道的為什么商代花瓶和印加花瓶不同。油畫必須有堅固的支架，才能讓畫布保持繃緊，并且油畫不可以有毀損，裂紋，褪色。THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANSIt should be obvious that cetaceanswhales, porpoises, and dolphinsare mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, se