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畢業(yè)論文-西門子中國家電產(chǎn)品的營銷渠道研究-免費閱讀

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【正文】 the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, pared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure…. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable ine, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business…. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelt39。 參考文獻 [1] 譚長春 ,快消品營銷與渠道管理 .電子工業(yè)出版社, 2022/11 [2] 宋華,營銷渠道 .管理的視野 (第 8 版) .中國人民大學(xué)出版社, 2022/02 [3] 張闖 ,營銷渠道管理 . 清華大學(xué)出版社, 2022/3 [4] 張一馳 ,銷售就是做渠道 .中國商業(yè)出版社 2022/09 [5] 易發(fā)久 .渠道為王 .電子工業(yè)出版社 ,2022/09 [6] 張俊杰 .渠道有了 ,看你怎么去營銷 . 成都時代出版社 ,2022/03/01 [7] 鄭銳洪 .營銷渠道管理 .機械工業(yè)出版社 ,2022/05 [8] 鄭銳洪 .營銷渠道管理 .機械工業(yè)出版社 ,2022/05/01 [9] 侯淑霞 //鐘敏 //潘斌 .縱向組織關(guān)系與營銷渠道 .經(jīng)濟管理出版社 ,2022/05 [10]魏國平 ,繆興鋒 ,蔣明霞 ,楊揚 ,李子豪 .營銷渠道管理原理與實務(wù) .中國物資出版社2022/03 [11]范波勇 .電信營銷與渠道建設(shè) .人民郵電出版社 ,2022/12 [12]馬銀春 .渠道戰(zhàn)爭 .企業(yè)管理出版社 ,2022/12/01 [13]任揮 .營銷就是做渠道 .中國文史出版社, 2022/12 [14]張闖 .社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)嵌入與營銷渠道行為 .北京大學(xué)出版社, 2022/07/01 [15]陳濤 .營銷渠道管理 .機械工業(yè)出版社, 2022/04/01 [16]朱利安 ( 2)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和售后服務(wù) 生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的時候建立嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)囊惶紫到y(tǒng),要有監(jiān)督者多次檢測產(chǎn)品,注意生產(chǎn)機器的安全 售后,在駐點安排售后服務(wù)人員,規(guī)范化,一體化。一 些家電企業(yè)還處在使用電話、傳真機溝通階段,公司總部與省級分公司、市級營銷中心、營銷人員之間不能實現(xiàn)及時快捷的信息溝通,總部營銷政策不能迅速傳達下去,市場一線情況不能及時反饋給總部,給公司內(nèi)部管理帶來了難度,營銷執(zhí)行力降低:公司總部、分公司、倉庫、代理商、批發(fā)商、零售商之間沒有網(wǎng)上溝通平臺,不能實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上查詢、網(wǎng)上訂貨,交易成本比較高;沒鴦建立與顧客在網(wǎng)上交流、互動的平臺,沒有建戲客戶數(shù)據(jù)庫,售后服務(wù)水平低。在 家電行業(yè)利潤微薄的今天,自建營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人海戰(zhàn)術(shù)給各家電企業(yè)帶來了沉重的成本負擔(dān)。 其缺點是商家的討價還價能力強,渠道權(quán)力向商家轉(zhuǎn)移,廠家要向連鎖店提供比其他分銷商更低的價格優(yōu)惠和更多的促銷資源,進而影響其他分銷商的經(jīng)營積極性。 區(qū)域總經(jīng) 銷商制的優(yōu)點是:每個區(qū)域只有一家總經(jīng)銷商,廠家在做終端市場、廣告促銷、市場管理等方面比較容易;經(jīng)銷商由于獨家經(jīng)銷產(chǎn)品,價差利潤較大且穩(wěn)定,經(jīng)銷商經(jīng)營的積極性高,會主推該廠家品牌:便于控制和維持零售價格,區(qū)域間的竄貨現(xiàn)象較少。西門子已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為中國社會和經(jīng)濟不可分割的一部分,并竭誠與中國攜手合作,共同致力于實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 西門子自 1872 年進入中國, 140 余年來以創(chuàng)新的技術(shù)、卓越的解決方案和產(chǎn)品堅持不懈地對中國的發(fā)展提供全面支持,并以出眾的品質(zhì)和令人信賴的可靠性、領(lǐng)先的技術(shù)成就、不懈的創(chuàng)新追求,確立了在中國市場的領(lǐng)先地位。同時在 流通領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)了個體、私營、國營等多種經(jīng)濟成份并存的批發(fā)商和零售商,他們已 經(jīng)具備了足夠的資金勢力和專業(yè)銷售能力,因此,各家電企業(yè)為了盡可能提高鋪貨率,提高銷售量,開始采用代理制渠道模式,通過代理商的銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò),迅速地占領(lǐng)某個區(qū)域市場,如新飛采用多家代理模式,格力采用獨家代理模式。 (4)家電信息化。這種模式的產(chǎn)品價位有所上升 ,但由于海外建廠不具各成本優(yōu)勢,往往生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小,缺乏品牌支撐,市場開拓難度大。 據(jù)國務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心信息網(wǎng)報道, 2022 年全國洗衣機市場容量為 1500 萬臺,而產(chǎn)能卻高達 1800 萬臺,由于產(chǎn)能過剩, 2022 年第四季度,冰箱、洗衣機等家電產(chǎn)品大打價格戰(zhàn),價格持續(xù)走低, 150 升冰箱價格跌到千元左右,而 5 公斤的半自動洗衣 機則降至 498 元,創(chuàng) 5 年以來新低,此次降價,海爾、西門子、松下等擔(dān)當(dāng)了主角,而其他所有的白電類品牌均有不同程度的價格跳水。如在冰箱行業(yè),格林柯爾系 (科龍、美菱 )、海爾、新飛在國內(nèi)冰箱市場份額占 60%,行業(yè)內(nèi)的并購整合仍在繼續(xù),產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度還將進一步提升,而且品牌集中度也比較高,形成了十多個國內(nèi)知名品牌。在現(xiàn)代營銷中,以顧客為導(dǎo)向的營銷觀念越來越重要,為顧客創(chuàng)造價值成為營銷活動的核心理念,不同的家電營銷渠道為顧客提供了不同的服務(wù),帶來了不同的價值,選擇家電營銷渠道成員,要將其能否為顧客創(chuàng)造價值,能否為顧客帶來增值服務(wù),作為選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 關(guān)鍵詞: 營銷渠道;市場;創(chuàng)新 Abstract Marketing applies to all enterprises, first of all reflected in the big enterprise, taking a broad view of the endless trade war that is full of a number of large enterprises during the period, they have abundant capital, talents, rich experience in market and occupy the market share, have the prerequisites for for a bigger market. Small and mediumsized enterprises often weak, lack of resources, and how to face the accumulation and cruel market petition? The answer is to use limited resources in the marketing strategy, tap the greatest potential, and create endless value. The new marketing channel through the summary and development of time evolution, has been widely recognized and valued. More the characteristics and laws, establishing the standard of market operation, improve the operation mechanism, this paper by Siemens AG, for example, the current marketing channel development research, analysis of the current situation and existing problems of marketing channel of Siemens AG. And to propose the strategies to help Siemens AG, strengthen its own construction of marketing channels, channel to solve some of the problems, at the same time, to optimize the management of marketing channel. Key words: Marketing Channel; Market。新型市場營銷渠道經(jīng)過不斷時間總結(jié)及發(fā)展演變,已受到廣泛的認(rèn)可和重視。 LG、西門子、三星等洋品牌大舉進入中國市場,實行本土化戰(zhàn)略,紛紛建立自己的渠道網(wǎng)絡(luò),搶占渠道資源。 (1)產(chǎn)地、品牌集中化。而農(nóng)村市場容量相對增長較大,一方面是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟水平的提高,大部分農(nóng)戶已達到千元級產(chǎn)品的消費本平,另一方面是由于農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造為家電的使用創(chuàng)造了條件,因此,各大家電企業(yè)都十分重視三、四級市場 (縣、鄉(xiāng) )的開拓,如海爾、海信、科龍等企業(yè)為了搶占農(nóng)村市場,已經(jīng)將產(chǎn)品廣告宣傳條幅掛到了縣和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街道,并用大蓬車到村鎮(zhèn)做宣傳。我國已經(jīng)成為全球家電制造的重要基地,彩電、冰箱、空調(diào)等家電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能已經(jīng)位居世界前列,產(chǎn)銷量也位居世界前列,如:年產(chǎn)家用空調(diào)達35003800 萬臺,占全球總產(chǎn)的三分之二, 2022 年出口量達 1750 萬臺,首次超過國內(nèi)市場銷量,占海外總市場銷量的 50%, 2022 年我國冰箱產(chǎn)能達 2350 萬臺,占全 球冰箱產(chǎn)能 7580 萬臺的 31%。眾多國內(nèi)家
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