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本科畢業(yè)論文-水性聚氨酯涂料的生產(chǎn)方法-免費閱讀

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【正文】 s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。 XX 化工職業(yè)技術學院 13 參考文獻 [1]許戈文 . 水性聚氨酯材料 [M].北京 :化學工業(yè)出版社 , 2022: 31226. [2]潘祖仁 . 高分子化 學 [M].北京 :化學工業(yè)出版社 , 1996: 4547. [3]曹惠慶 .水性聚氨酯的制備及性能研究 [D].北京:北京化工大學, 2022. [4]邵菊美 .水性聚氨酯的合成及其改性研究 [D].蘇州 :蘇州大學, 2022. [5]李紹雄 ,劉益軍 . 聚氨酯樹脂及其應用 [M]. 北京 :化學工業(yè)出版社 , 2022: 2529. [6]陳偉力,何國山.水性聚氨酯原料的選擇 [J].廣東塑料, 2022(3): 611. [7]洪嘯吟 ,馮漢保 . 涂料化學 [M]. 北京 :科學出版社 , 1997: 6871. [8]嚴 瑞瑄 ,唐麗娟 . 水溶性高分子產(chǎn)品手冊 [M]. 北京 :化學工業(yè)出版社 , 2022: 3539. [9]陳國強 . 水性聚氨酯制備及其改性 [J]. 蘇州大學學報 (自然科學版 ), 2022, 24(2):4346. [10]汪多仁 . 水性聚氨酯的合成與應用 [J]. 中國皮革 , 2022, 3(4): 1518. [11]周本勵,馮明霞譯 .涂料工廠設備 [M]. 北京 :化學工業(yè)出版社 , 1987: 6569. XX 化工職業(yè)技術學院 14 致謝 首先感謝指導老師 XXX 老師 百忙之中抽出時間來 對我的論文 提出實踐性的建議,幫助我開拓研究思路,精心點撥、熱忱鼓勵。水性工業(yè)涂料在世界工業(yè)涂料中已占 30%,到 2022年將達到 50%以上。 塔頂冷凝器 是一個列管式換熱器, 滿足在蒸餾過程中對蒸發(fā)丙酮氣冷凝 的能力,防止丙酮氣排放至大氣中去,污染大氣。 主要由罐體、夾套、傳動裝置、軸封裝置、 螺帶和框式復合式 攪拌、進、出料口、容器法蘭以及支座等構成。 要指出的是,反應釜容積的加大能降低投資和操作費用,并能提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。根 據(jù) 丙酮儲罐的丙酮量和加入的丙酮量比較,再由理論固含計算, 來估計脫丙酮結束時間,然后取樣測固體含量。 此階段一定要注意擴鏈時間,擴鏈時間太長會出現(xiàn)擴鏈過度,導致分散后粒徑過大。溫度要控制在反應溫度,不能超過反應溫度,否則副反應會增加,影響產(chǎn)品性能。 圖 基本 工藝流程圖 圖 基本工藝流程方框圖 工藝流程講解 投料 公用工程準備好, 夾套冷凍水循環(huán)起來(給多元醇降溫) 。本產(chǎn)品在水性聚氨酯制造中既是擴鏈劑,又能使聚氨酯獲得自乳化性能,可制成穩(wěn)定性優(yōu)良的自乳化性水性聚氨酯;還用于制備聚氨酯水乳液型皮革涂飾劑,是傳統(tǒng)的水乳性聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂飾劑的升級換代產(chǎn)品 三乙胺(中和劑 /成鹽劑) 三乙胺,有機化合物,是具有有強烈的氨臭的淡黃色透明液體,在空氣中微發(fā)煙。多元醇有乙二醇、丙二醇、一縮二乙二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇 等。 保護端基乳化法 使用酚類、甲乙酮 亞胺、 吡 咯烷酮、亞硫酸氫鈉等封閉劑,將帶有親水性離子基團和NCO 封端的聚氨酯預聚物的端 NCO 基團保護起來,使 NCO 基團失去活性,制成一種封閉式的聚氨酯預聚體,加人擴鏈劑和交聯(lián)劑共同乳化后,制成水性聚氨酯分散液。 該法把異氰酸酯的加聚反應和氨基的縮聚反應緊密地結合起來。 特點:易于操作,重復性好,制得的水性聚氨酯分子量可變范圍寬粒粒徑的大小可控,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好,是目前生產(chǎn)水性聚氨酯的主要方法。 外乳化法將聚氨酯預聚物緩慢加入到含乳化劑的水中 , 形成粗粒乳液 , 再送入乳化器形成粒徑適當?shù)娜橐?。水性分散體主要用作金屬涂料,如陽離子型電沉積涂料被廣泛用于汽車底漆,以提高車體的抗腐蝕性能。然而水性聚氨酯在環(huán)保方面比它更有優(yōu)勢,而且隨著人們對水性聚氨酯的研究,目前水性 聚氨酯 分散體已在通用溶劑型 聚氨酯 所覆蓋的領域大量使用,成功地應用于輕紡、皮革加工、涂料、木材加工、建材、造紙和膠粘劑等行業(yè)。 聚氨酯是氨基甲酸酯樹脂的簡稱,其分子中含有特征單元結構氨基甲酸酯( NHCO)。 對于分散設備的要求是快速 , 剪切力大 , 可以調(diào)速 。 本文著重分析了 丙酮法 合成 水性聚氨酯涂料 工藝過程,結合自身工作崗位分析了 水性聚氨酯的 原料、設備及丙酮法操作 , 對水性聚氨酯涂料所存在的問題進行了總結 并 提出了工藝改進措施。聚氨酯應用十分廣泛,作為涂料具有良好的耐磨性、耐腐蝕性、 耐化學品性、硬度大、高彈性等優(yōu)點。 聚氨酯 乳液涂飾后的皮革,具有光澤度高、 手感好、耐磨耗、小易斷裂、彈性好、耐低溫性能和耐撓屈性能優(yōu)良等特點。水性 PU 在紡織和印染助劑方面的應用越來越廣泛。 該法制備的聚氨酯乳液膠體穩(wěn)定性較差 , 適于材料的表面處理 , 如羊毛的不粘處理等 。但該法需要耗 費大量低沸點丙酮,易造成環(huán)境污染,工藝復雜,成本高 。先合成帶有親水性離子基團和端NCO 基的聚氨酯聚合物,預聚物與尿素進行加聚反應得到含離子基團的端脲基聚氨酯低聚物。應用時,加熱可使預聚物端 NCO 基團解封, NCO 基團與擴鏈劑、交聯(lián)劑反應,形成網(wǎng)絡結構的聚氨酯膠膜。不同品種的聚酯多元醇由于種類不同或制備工藝不一樣,性質(zhì)也不一樣,對于聚酯多元醇比較重要的幾個指標是羥值、酸值、水分、粘度、分子量、密度以及色度等。微溶于水,可溶于乙醇、乙醚。 把生產(chǎn)某種產(chǎn)品的 聚酯多元醇 (一般加熱到 100 度左右)加入預聚釜中 ,加入到 能鉤到攪拌的 量時啟動攪拌。 然后取樣分析NCO﹪ 。轉至分散釜。合格后,停真空。例如,裝置一臺容積大一倍的反應釜比裝置兩臺同容積的反應釜可降低投資 20%30%,并顯著減少操作費用,還可以使產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定性提高。 加熱方式與預聚釜不同,用熱水加熱,由冷凍水降溫。 真空泵 在實際生產(chǎn)過程中,需要考慮的因素有乳液的溫度不得超過 50℃ ,并且丙酮的沸點在常壓下為 ℃ ,所以在常壓下將丙酮加熱分離出來務必會嚴重影 響產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。現(xiàn)在歐洲水性工業(yè)涂料已占到 40%;在專用涂料領域,目前水性涂料正在以前所未有的速度向汽車修補涂料、防 腐蝕涂料、道路標示涂料等所占比重較大的領域發(fā)展。 在大學的三年里,我學到了很多,也懂得了很多,感謝母校,感謝老師,感謝同學們對我的關心和愛護。 Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to bee pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was stric
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