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城市燃?xì)廨斉涔芫W(wǎng)分區(qū)模式下的水力可靠性研究-免費(fèi)閱讀

  

【正文】 4) 居民用氣量 氣化人口及居民用氣量預(yù)測(cè)分布見(jiàn)表 21。預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)從原理上可分為慣性原理、類推原理、相關(guān)原理 [36]。 對(duì)西南某燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)進(jìn)行了環(huán)網(wǎng)和分區(qū)方案的 水力計(jì)算 和事故工況計(jì)算。 西南石油大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 11 2) 在實(shí)際工程設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算中,對(duì)城市燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)水力計(jì)算方法也逐漸成熟,結(jié)合 系統(tǒng)水力可靠性的分析方法對(duì)分區(qū)后管網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行管理進(jìn)行研究。通過(guò)對(duì)示范區(qū)內(nèi)水壓和水質(zhì)的監(jiān)測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)只要 DMA 規(guī)劃合理,控制好 DMA 的用戶數(shù)和管線長(zhǎng)度 ,正確選擇進(jìn)水口,就完 全可以保證 DMA 區(qū)域內(nèi)的水壓與水質(zhì)滿足用戶需求和供水安全。分區(qū)模式中每個(gè)小區(qū)域管段數(shù)、環(huán)數(shù)大大少于環(huán)網(wǎng),因此達(dá)到相同的隔離效果時(shí),分區(qū)模式需要安裝的閥門數(shù)量比環(huán)網(wǎng)模式少得多。 通過(guò)分析各分區(qū)模式的適用范圍和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),如表 14 所示,分析得到各分區(qū)模式供氣特點(diǎn)。采用分區(qū)模式的管網(wǎng)應(yīng)具有一定規(guī)模和供氣量,不宜過(guò)小。 圖 11 燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)按照天然或人工障礙進(jìn)行分區(qū)示意圖 [30] 燃?xì)夤艿啦贿m合頻繁穿越河流、鐵路、高速公路等障礙,圖 11 中低壓燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)分西南石油大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 7 為三個(gè)區(qū)域,各區(qū)域互不連通,每個(gè)區(qū)域自成環(huán)網(wǎng),依靠區(qū)域內(nèi)中 低壓調(diào)壓站供氣。 孫圣廣研究了雨水管網(wǎng)的可靠性問(wèn)題 [21],針對(duì)現(xiàn)行雨水管網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)方法的可靠性不足的問(wèn)題,對(duì)已建的雨水管網(wǎng)單管段采用蒙特卡羅法計(jì)算其可靠性和管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的可靠度。 彭世尼對(duì)各種燃?xì)庳?fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)方法進(jìn)行了概述及分析 [25],認(rèn)為常用的方法包括時(shí)間序列法、灰色理論預(yù)測(cè)法、回歸分析法、專家系統(tǒng)法、人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法,并從研究角度和適用條件、數(shù)據(jù)形式、計(jì)算復(fù)雜程度、預(yù)測(cè)方法發(fā)展程度、適用的時(shí)間分類等五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分析,認(rèn)為各種預(yù)測(cè)方法都具有其各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用范圍,可采用結(jié)合小波分析技術(shù)、遺傳算法的混合神經(jīng) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)模型來(lái)提高燃?xì)庳?fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)精度。如果閥門設(shè)置不合理,就會(huì)使關(guān)斷區(qū)域較大,區(qū)域內(nèi)燃?xì)夥?散量就會(huì)比較大,放散時(shí)間也長(zhǎng),既造成燃?xì)饫速M(fèi),也給運(yùn)行管理部門工作帶來(lái)一定麻煩。而實(shí)際上集中型的大城市或特大城市采用大面積的環(huán)網(wǎng)配氣不一定適合,或者認(rèn)為管網(wǎng)過(guò)大,其配氣效率可能會(huì)受影響。管網(wǎng)越大,放散時(shí)需關(guān)斷的區(qū)域越大,則放散量越大,放散的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),安全隱患越大。 ② 門站及各調(diào)壓站供氣范圍不明確 中壓管網(wǎng)上門站、調(diào)壓站都是氣源,中壓管網(wǎng)是個(gè)多氣源管網(wǎng),在水力計(jì)算時(shí),無(wú)城市燃?xì)廨斉涔芫W(wǎng)分區(qū)模式下的水力可靠性研究 4 論采用哪種初始流量賦值方法,都不能明確各氣源的供氣比例,也不能反映出各管段、節(jié)點(diǎn)的流量組成,管網(wǎng)流量分布是各氣源總體貢獻(xiàn)的結(jié)果,在管網(wǎng)氣量調(diào)度、調(diào)配,或調(diào)壓站故障時(shí)管網(wǎng)流量分布難以作為合理有效的依據(jù)。因此每個(gè)更換氣源的城 市在確定管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的型式、壓力級(jí)制、儲(chǔ)氣方式等主要問(wèn)題上,要特別慎重,應(yīng)在充分利用原有燃?xì)庠O(shè)施的基礎(chǔ)上,建好天然氣管網(wǎng)。將此方法運(yùn)用到城市燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)中將獲得更高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和社會(huì)價(jià)值,能有效的解決城市用氣緊張,提高管網(wǎng)輸配能力,增強(qiáng) 管網(wǎng)對(duì)事故應(yīng)急管理等。由于該估算值未包括受各種條件限制不能勘探開發(fā)的地區(qū),因此較保守,估計(jì)未來(lái)天然氣最終可采資源量可能突破 500萬(wàn)億 m3。 58 The division management mode for the moment of weak condition reliability 57 The division management mode for different reliability state 43 Accident condition 40 The personal risk quantitative calculation of city gas pipeline work failure 21 The partition principle of city gas pipeline work 17 Economic prediction method for forecasting 17 Growth rate method for forecasting 13 The determination for all types of users 68 致 謝 67 第 6 章 結(jié)論與展望 58 可靠性狀態(tài)較差時(shí)分區(qū)管理模式 55 第 5 章 基于分區(qū)模式管網(wǎng)水力可靠性的運(yùn)行管理 41 水力可靠性的狀態(tài)分析 31 事故工況水力分析及比較 17 經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)法預(yù)測(cè) 9 論文研究的 目的 5) 以西南某市燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)為例,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了 環(huán)網(wǎng)和分區(qū)兩 種模式 的水力計(jì)算、事故工況分析、可靠度計(jì)算、閥門數(shù)量比 較等工作,從各方面對(duì) 兩 種模式 進(jìn)行了比較,得出 了分區(qū) 模式 的可行性結(jié)論。因此本文提出了燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)分區(qū) 模式,希望能對(duì)燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)模式提出新的思路。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容如下: 1) 闡述了指標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)燃?xì)庥昧康脑敿?xì)過(guò)程,以西南某市燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)為例,進(jìn)行了燃?xì)庥昧康挠?jì)算, 同時(shí)采用 增長(zhǎng)率 預(yù)測(cè)法和 經(jīng)濟(jì) 預(yù)測(cè)法對(duì)該市 燃?xì)?用量進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),經(jīng)比較認(rèn)為 指標(biāo)法指標(biāo)選取合理 , 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析科學(xué) ,是適合的燃?xì)庥昧款A(yù)測(cè)方法。 關(guān)鍵詞: 燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng) ; 分區(qū)模式 ; 水力計(jì)算 ; 事故工況 ; 可靠性 Abstract With the increasing use of natural gas, city gas pipeline work bees larger and more plex. In order to ensure the reasonable and reliable gas work design, operation, and effectively deal with different accidents, it’s inevitable to understand the gas work operation law. Since the problems of largescale centralized pipeline work, such as, low pressure points concentrate in the middle of the pipeline work, gate stations and regulator stations’ division of labor are not clear, diffusion area is too large, design and running of pipelines cannot effectively bine, are caused by the work structure that are unable to be solved by optimization calculation and design of gas pipeline work. An adequate way to solve these problems is to put forward a new work structure, therefore, in this paper, we introduce a partition model of gas pipeline work, hoping to propose some new ideas of gas pipeline work model. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. We expound the detailed process of index method to predict gas consumption, and apply this method to one southwest city, then pare the results with the gas consumption predictions of this city by growth rate predicting method and economic forecasting method. It shows that index method is an effective gas consumption prediction method. 2. In this part, the authors propose the conditions when to use partition model and the partition method. Partition model is available in a centralized pipe work, or a high (subhigh) –medium pressure two level pipeline work, or a system with two and above high (subhigh) medium pressure regional regulator stations. The regional regulator station will be center of each independent system when partitioned, and to ensure the accident condition, the pipeline work cannot be pletely cut off, all regions are connected by pipes which have installed isolation valves. These valves are closed under normal conditions and open when accidents happened. 3. We will present the hydraulic calculation method of the partition pipeline work model, and introduce the principle and calculation
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