【正文】 那么現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)設(shè)想一下，如果汶川建筑大多采用框架結(jié)構(gòu)，按 7 度設(shè)計(jì)，如達(dá)到 9 度，也剛達(dá)到破壞邊緣。其次，抗震框架柱截面尺寸應(yīng)滿足規(guī)范對(duì)軸壓比限值要求，它是影響框架柱破壞形式和變形能力的重要因素。歷次地震已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn)，汶川地震又是一次代價(jià)慘重的證明！ 至于框架結(jié)構(gòu)，它是由梁、柱、基礎(chǔ)三種構(gòu)件共同承重，框架間由連系梁和樓面結(jié)構(gòu)連成整體，墻體僅作填充隔斷，不受力，所以房間布置靈活，門(mén)窗大小形狀較自由，多用于 7 度以上抗震 結(jié)構(gòu)和大空間結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)于磚混結(jié)構(gòu)的房屋有以下幾個(gè)震害特征：（ 1）墻體破壞，水平地震作用使砌體房屋中的墻體受剪受彎。這一種觀點(diǎn)從建筑本身結(jié)構(gòu)上予以分析，需要我們科學(xué)對(duì)待地震，在結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能上認(rèn)真加強(qiáng)，保持建筑物不倒，來(lái)最大限度的減少人員傷 亡，至少不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)在人們面前的如此恐怖。至于抗震能力更強(qiáng)的框架 —剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)等，其過(guò)高的價(jià)格和過(guò)低的普及度很難大范圍建設(shè)。 clay amount of large, often occupying farmland, affecting agricultural production。s power and prestige, while the frame structure in the earthquake39。s two most active seismic zones in the middle on the east Pacific seismic belt, west and southwest is the Eurasian seismic zone after areas, is one of many earthquakes in the world, for we must strengthen the Earthquake Research and prevention. Damage caused by the earthquake in theory, three main factors: the level of the ground motion acceleration, resonance, and energy of inclusiveness. In fact, the earthquake itself is difficult to pose a threat to the safety of human life, most casualties are affected by the earthquake which caused the collapse or destruction of buildings, usually accounting for 95% casualties in the earthquake. Only less than 5% of casualties directly caused by the earthquake and the earthquake floods, landslides cause secondary disasters such as, but not seismic retrofit measures for concrete structure (walls plus not Rachel39。 by two to four design no less than c20. Second, the seismic frame column section size should meet the standard requirements of the axial pression ratio, which is affecting the form of columns and deformation damage an important factor. Furthermore, the seismic check the floor and when the different layout (overall) to decide the use of rigid, rigid, flexible theory. Aseismicity should pay special attention site classification. 8 degrees over five layer conditions, try to add walls, can greatly improve the seismic performance. Frame should be designed to accept twoway system in rigid, but also allows some of the frame beam frame resting on the other beam. Should strengthen the role of vertical seismic design, from the damage analysis, specification given vertical earthquake is obviously inadequate. 4. Brick to the framework of the trend Architecture is designed for the survival of man39。 在大地震中房屋倒塌如此之多，人員傷亡如此慘重，究竟問(wèn)題出在何 處？一種觀點(diǎn)是：由于地震強(qiáng)度大，房屋建設(shè)疏于防范，設(shè)計(jì)上沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，再加上存在一定的偷工減料現(xiàn)象。 ２ .地震帶結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 地震倒塌的房屋中，磚混結(jié)構(gòu)的占絕大部分，先分析一下磚混結(jié)構(gòu)。突出屋面的房頂間、女兒墻等附屬結(jié)構(gòu)，由于地震時(shí)的 “鞭端效應(yīng) ”影響，水平 位移比較大，與結(jié)構(gòu)缺乏可靠連接時(shí)，常發(fā)生倒塌破壞。 另一種比較好的結(jié)構(gòu)就是框剪結(jié)構(gòu)，它是框架結(jié)構(gòu)和剪力墻兩種體系的結(jié)合，吸取了各自的長(zhǎng)處，其變形是剪彎型，具有良好的抗側(cè)力性能，相比較框剪結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)論從抗震、穩(wěn)定性、房屋堅(jiān)韌性上等都優(yōu)于磚混結(jié)構(gòu)和框架結(jié)構(gòu)，在地震中，框架和剪力墻成為房屋的 “兩道防線 ”，增加了結(jié)構(gòu)體系的剛度和強(qiáng)度，是個(gè)柔性結(jié)構(gòu)。應(yīng)加強(qiáng)垂直地震作用的設(shè)計(jì)，從震害分析，規(guī)范給出的垂直地震作用明顯不足。 【參考文獻(xiàn)】 [1] 陳翠榮 .關(guān)于工程抗震設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 [J]. 山西建筑2020,33(3):4445. [2] 唐九如 .鋼筋混凝土框架節(jié)點(diǎn)抗震 [M].南京 :南京大學(xué)出版社 ,1989. [1] [美 ]斯科臺(tái)克 .建筑結(jié)構(gòu)：分析方法及其設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用 [M].清華大學(xué)出版社 ,2020. 。 8 度超過(guò) 5 層 有條件時(shí)，盡量加剪力墻，可大大改善結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震性能。在地震中，地震力使結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)變形而積聚的能量（變形能）越來(lái)越大，變形與應(yīng)力是成正比例的，如果達(dá)到極限強(qiáng)度，結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)破壞，對(duì)于脆性的磚混結(jié)構(gòu)，不易變形從而吸收了能量，強(qiáng)度也小，最容易破壞，反過(guò)來(lái)框架結(jié)構(gòu)的自振周期在