【正文】
私人財產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)和法制已經(jīng)被證明是外商投資者看中的關(guān)鍵因素。而外商直接投資中環(huán)境對其的影響是排第四的,其次是工資和價格指數(shù)。這兩個經(jīng)濟(jì)體參見組也認(rèn)為充分發(fā)展其資本市場和 吸引投資是很重要的。在 1989年到 2020年間,總的凈資本流入有 2200億美元(歐洲復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行 2020年 b,第 45頁)。貝文等人在 2020年廣泛的研究了外商直接投資對歐洲銀行的復(fù)興和開發(fā)的作用,專門針對所有權(quán),銀行部門進(jìn)行改革,在外匯和貿(mào)易自由化的類型和法律的過渡性指標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上,體制 環(huán)境發(fā)展是有重要作用的。 此外,法律體系的重要性已經(jīng)在一系列文章 中被證實( La Porta 等人 1997年, 1998年;Pistor 和徐 2020)??缇迟Y本流動是成功的重要過渡。外商直接投資對經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長有著積極地影響,這一點在此已經(jīng)得到證實。通過分析我們確定各種制度層面的外商直接投資資本的流入對環(huán)境是有重大影響的。 see also Billington 1999, Bevan and Estrin 2020). Crossborder capital flows (their magnitude as well as position and stability) are important for the success of transition (Garibaldi et al. 2020, Neuhaus 2020). Although over the last fifteen years many transition economies have recorded negative experiences with foreign fastprofit seekers and asset strippers, there are several cases showing that FDI is actually contributing to growth. After receiving significant amounts of foreign capital, for example, Slovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria have recently been recording high rates of growth. To a considerable extent this growth can be explained also by the exportled model of growth, since FDI not only brought new technology, knowledge, and employment to these countries but also opened new markets for them. One of the most important determinants of FDI flows to a country is the quality of its institutional framework. According to Pejovich (1990, p. 25–34), there are three basic institutions that define the nature of the capitalist system: private property rights, the law of contracts, and a strong but limited government. The positive impact that property rights protection and the respect of contracts have for a market economy has been empirically confirmed by many authors (., La Porta et al. 1999, 2020。而且,外商直接投資對于跨國公司來講也是至關(guān)重要的。不僅如此,外商直接投資還是導(dǎo)致技術(shù)擴散的原因( Lucas 1993a, b; Borensztein et )。通過Pejovich( 1990, P2534),有三個基本的機構(gòu),它們定義了資本主義制度的性質(zhì): 私有財產(chǎn)權(quán), 合同法, 極其強大的政府。有研究表示各監(jiān)督機構(gòu)在一些轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)特定部門的業(yè)績的影響下得到改善。但是同時也發(fā)現(xiàn)了該國的風(fēng)險 — 歐洲貨幣風(fēng)險的評級衡量中外商直接投資是相當(dāng)重要 Smartzynska javorcik 在 2020年研究了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對外商直接投資在經(jīng)濟(jì) 轉(zhuǎn)型中起到的重要作用。投資者對這個地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定性比較看重。 總 結(jié) 有關(guān)分析表明,在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的進(jìn)程中外國直接投資可以協(xié)助經(jīng)濟(jì)體轉(zhuǎn)型,這也證實了轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)下環(huán)境質(zhì)量對外資的影響是巨大的。特別是東道國加盟以后。 。得出整體制度框架質(zhì)量是分析時期外商直接投資在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型時的重要影響因素。在對面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行一般到具體的做法。這里有些明顯的例外:斯洛伐克, 16%( 2020年),保加利亞, 7%( 2020年), 10 愛沙尼亞, 8%( 2020年),哈薩克斯坦 9%( 2020年)(歐洲復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行 2020年 b,第 45頁)。從對外商直接投資的歐洲復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行數(shù)據(jù)的例子上看,發(fā)現(xiàn)一個國家的作用是非常大的,而且也是非常重要的。 對于經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)型,制度的變遷和外資的流入之間是存在關(guān)系的,這至今都沒有得到全面的分析。在相當(dāng)程度上可以解釋為這種增長是由出口導(dǎo)向型經(jīng)濟(jì)模型導(dǎo)致的,因為外商直接投資對東道國來講,不僅能帶來新的技 術(shù),知識和就業(yè)機 9 會,而且這些國家也會為他們開辟了新的市場。首先,他們希望通過資本的積累,也就是將更多的投入納入生產(chǎn)的過程中,與此同時會有大范圍的中間產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生。同時,其它的幾個因素也被證明有著顯著影響。 1 本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯 外文題目: Foreign Direct Investment and Institutional Environment in Transition Economies 出 處 :Transition Studies Review 作 者: Andrej Sujan Foreign Direct Investment and Institutional Environment in Transition Economies Andrej Su?jan ABSTRACT We analysed the relation between foreign direct investment and the quality of the institutional environment in transition economies. The analysis confirmed a significa nt impact of various institutional aspects on the inflow of foreign capital. To isolate the importance of the institutional environment from the impact of other factors, a panel data analysis was performed using the data of 24 transition economies in the period 1995–2020. The results showed that in the observed period the quality of the institutional environment significantly influenced the level of foreign direct investment in transition economies. Other variables that proved to have a statistically significant influence were budget deficit, insider privatization, and labour cost per hour. Introduction Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely believed to make major contribu