【正文】 軟件世界是真正的無紀律的 — 那個時期很多專業(yè)人員愛上了軟件世界 ! 今天 , 費用的發(fā)行被計算機為主的系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展顯著改變了。 在某事被建立了之前，他們會要求詳盡的分析和設計。 11 如同我們進入第四個時代的時候，計算機軟件的問題繼續(xù)增強 : 問題一： 很多性能優(yōu)越的硬 件已經超過了我們建立軟件控制硬件的潛力及能力。實際上 , 作為個人計算機銷售成長率被鋪平在 80 年代中期期間 , 軟件產品銷售還在繼續(xù)增長。 分配系統(tǒng) —— 多臺計算機 , 各一致地起作用并且執(zhí)行通信，很大地增加了計算機為主的系統(tǒng)的復雜。機構內部的發(fā)展項目導致了成千上萬個程序源語句。交互式技術打開了應用硬件和軟件優(yōu)雅新水平的一個新世界。 您寫了它 , 您得到了它的運行 , 并且如果它失敗了 , 您固定了它。軟件開發(fā)實際上是不被關注的 —— 直到日程表滑倒了或費用開始升級。在流行書籍上的電腦革命，有科學家描繪它為“一場新的工業(yè)革命”。在八十年代的十年過程中 ,微觀電子學的發(fā)展導致計算能力逐步提高而成本卻越來越低?！边@些 標題 和很多其他的類似的，是那種重要的電腦軟件的一種新的理解的先兆 , 是新理解的作先驅計算機軟件 的重要機會 , 它提供并且形成的危險。 1 外文翻譯 : Software and software engineering the software appearance and enumerates As the decade of the 1980s began, a front page story in business week magazine trumpeted the following headline:” software: the new driving force.”software had e of age—it had bee a topic for management concern. during the mid1980s,a cover story in foreune lamented “A Growing Gap in Software,”and at the close of the decade, business week warned managers about”the Software Trap—Automate or else.”As the 1990s dawned , a feature story in Newsweek asked ”Can We Trust Our Software? ”and The wall street journal related a major software pany’s travails with a front page article entitled “Creating New Software Was an Agonizing Task …” these headlines, and many others like them, were a harbinger of a new understanding of the importance of puter software the opportunities that it offers and the dangers that it poses. Software has now surpassed hardware as the key to the success of many puterbased systems. Whether a puter is used to run a business, control a product, or enable a system , software is the factor that differentiates . The pleteness and timeliness of information provided by software (and related databases) differentiate one pany from its petitors. The design and “human friendliness” of a software product differentiate it from peting products with an otherwise similar function .The intelligence and function provided by embedded software often differentiate two similar industrial or consumer products. It is software that can make the difference. During the first three decades of the puting era, the primary challenge was to develop puter hardware that reduced the cost of processing and storing data .Throughout the decade of the 1980s,advances in microelectronics resulted in more puting power at increasingly lower cost. Today, the problem is different .The primary challenge during the 1990s is to improve the 2 quality ( and reduce the cost ) of puterbased solutions solutions that are implemented with software. The power of a 1980sera mainframe puter is available now on a desk top. The awesome processing and storage capabilities of modern hardware represent puting potential. Software is the mechanism that enables us to harness and tap this potential. The context in which software has been developed is closely coupled to almost five decades of puter system evolution. Better hardware performance, smaller size and lower cost have precipitated more sophisticated puterbased systems. We’re moved form vacuum tube processors to microelectronic devices that are capable of processing 200 million connections per second .In popular books on “the puter revolution,