【正文】 重要句型 1. It was not until midnight that he finished his task. 2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 4. He walked around the house, gun in hand. 5. May you be in good health! 6. Wish you a pleasant journey back home! 7. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deepset eyes. 8. What surprised me most was his imagination and patience. 9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head. 10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher. 11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists. 12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very proud. 13. No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started. 14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics. 15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! 16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room. 17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory. 18. There goes the bell. 19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here. 20. It is no use crying for help. 21. If only I had been your student in the middle school! 22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again. 23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this. 24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.” 25. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another. 26. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements. 22 十五。 十．名詞性從句 種類 作用 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 例句 主語從句 在復(fù)合句中做主語，相當(dāng)于名詞，一般置謂語之前，也可用 it 作形式主語，主語從句放 主句之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will e or not doesn’t matter much. Whoever es here will be wele. 表語從句 在復(fù)合句中做表語，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后 It looks as if it is going to snow. 賓語從句 在復(fù)合句中做賓語，相當(dāng)于名詞 He asked me which team could win the game. 同位語從句 放在名詞之后 (news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等 ) 表明其具體內(nèi)容 You have no idea how worried we are. The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. 十一 。 關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注 關(guān)系代詞 who 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which 和that 在從句中做賓語時(shí)，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用 that whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人，物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物 主語，賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主語，賓語 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主語，賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做賓語一般不省略 關(guān)系副詞 when 時(shí)間 時(shí)間狀語 I will never fet the day when we met there. 可用 on which where 地點(diǎn) 地點(diǎn)狀語 This is the house where I was born. 可用 in which why 原因 原因狀語 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用 for which II. that 與 which, who, whom 的用法區(qū)別： 情況 用法說明 例句 只用 that 的情況 1． 先行詞為 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。做表語有時(shí)可和主語交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用 what 來提問主語或表語。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。 1. must“肯定，一定 ”語氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： The harder you work, the more progress you will make. 4. 用比較級(jí)來表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none 和 no： no 等于 not any，作定語。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表 示無生命的東西。 1. ’s 所有格的構(gòu)成： 單數(shù)名詞在末尾加 ’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her soninlaw’s photo, 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 一般在末尾加 ’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’s the children’s toys, women’s rights, 以 s 結(jié)尾的人名所有格加 ’s 或者 ’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house 表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí) ,各名詞末尾均須加 ’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加 ’s Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 表示＂某人家＂＂店鋪＂，所有格后名詞省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 2. ’s 所有格的用法： １ 表示時(shí)間 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday 2 表示自然現(xiàn)象 the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches 3 3 表示國家城市等地方的名詞 the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry 4 表示工作群體 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory 5 表示度量衡及價(jià)值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples 6 與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞 the life’s time, the play’s plot 7 某些固定詞組 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措 ) 3. of 所有格的用法： 用于無生命的東西： the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時(shí)： the classrooms of the firstyear students 用于名詞化的詞： the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠詞 冠詞分為不定冠詞（ a, an），定冠詞（ the），和零冠詞。 none 作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。 如： I have never spent a more worrying day. 5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型： Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示 “最高程度 “的形容詞沒有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。 I have read that 。 He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there. 2. may 和 might“也許 ”，后者語氣弱，更沒有把握。 2. used to 和 would: used to 表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而 would 只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。 My dream is to bee a teacher. To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task 做主語時(shí)常用 ) 動(dòng)名詞 與不定式的功能區(qū)別不大，然而它更接近于名詞，表示的動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指