工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)綠色風(fēng)潮的響應(yīng)：整體系統(tǒng)和生命周期思想-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 再不漲價(jià)和降低質(zhì)量的前提下的低耗設(shè)計(jì)是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，而且這是為設(shè)計(jì)提供了一個(gè)強(qiáng)大而美好的前景。lib 公共自行車系統(tǒng)將會(huì)以類似的分享體制在全歐洲甚至全世界擴(kuò)散。該計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也可以用于自行車定位以防止被盜，并且能夠監(jiān)測(cè)自行車站是否超載，并且將自行車從車輛充足的站調(diào)向不足的的站。設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)邁出這種改變的第一步起到了促進(jìn)作用。盡管喜 歡外帶咖啡的消費(fèi)者不關(guān)心商家用的是可再用咖啡杯還是一次性紙杯，但有趣的是當(dāng)事情與咖啡相聯(lián)系時(shí)，那些之前標(biāo)榜自己節(jié)約的人會(huì)怎樣做，也許他們會(huì)將自己容器中的咖啡沖淡一些。雖然可再用咖啡杯促進(jìn)了回收再利用的情況，但現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是它仍 然像一次性紙杯一樣在用完后被扔進(jìn)垃圾堆中，雖然消費(fèi)者也會(huì)把杯子的幾個(gè)部分分解。這兩個(gè)人在政府資金的支持下從事有關(guān)工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)利基市場(chǎng)的咨詢顧問工作，他們?cè)噲D找到在不減少用戶體驗(yàn)的前提下減輕產(chǎn)品對(duì)環(huán)境影響的方案。在一個(gè)碳信托公司 2020 年的新聞稿中， Airblade 比傳統(tǒng)暖風(fēng)干手機(jī)節(jié)約的能源高達(dá) 80%，這直接關(guān)系到碳減排量。 DDM V2 的尺寸符合高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的要求，而更大更重的原始電機(jī)并無法達(dá)到這一要求。生命周期對(duì)家電使用的影響要大于 材料和制造的影響。 由于這些思想對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)方法的滲透，現(xiàn)實(shí)中的產(chǎn)品被認(rèn)為可以在現(xiàn)在的綠色風(fēng)潮中實(shí)現(xiàn)華麗可靠的轉(zhuǎn)變。例如可拆卸設(shè)計(jì)，一個(gè)家電公司的設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)出可拆卸的產(chǎn)品，雖然現(xiàn)在沒有有效的收集再生模型零件的產(chǎn)品管理方案。最后一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為通過產(chǎn)品解決每一個(gè)已發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題是可行的。locked in39。 however the success of the V233。form follows function39。 owners. But is it really making a difference? We did some research here at RMIT Centre for Design. Disposable paper cups (bined with a PE film) have little post consumer demand from reprocessors, and generally end up in Australian landfill. Although the KeepCup promotes recyclability, the fact still remains that the same system is more likely going to spit the various polymers it is made from to landfill, even if the ponents are separated by the consumer. With this in mind we modeled the 8 oz KeepCup (it is available in various sizes) against a parable disposable paper cup using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in a streamlined fashion. The functional unit was 1 take away coffee per day delivered to the consumer over a year, with the cups disposed of to landfill over or at the end of that period. We used raw material, manufacturing, transport, and end of life data from the Australian Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) 2020 and European Ecoinvent database. Regional transport routes were considered (shipping from Asia for the disposable cup, lid, and the ring from the KeepCup, trucking from port to consumer), as well as tertiary packaging, and a wash cycle per use for the KeepCup, ranging from a quick rinse with warm water, a fully loaded dishwasher, half loaded dishwasher, and sink washing, the latter three with detergent. We also modeled coffee cultivation, production and brewing in Spain from a study out of Switzerland (Humbert, Loerincik et al. 2020) to see what bearing the KeepCup had in context to the 39。take away coffee set39。s sustainable wine packaging. Cheviot Bridge The romantics among us would never have thought Shiraz would prosper in a Tetra Pak, a packaging form traditionally reserved for juice and milk. However some producers such as have, with a reduced packaging weight of almost 10 times a conventional bottle (unfilled). This dematerialisation enables huge embodied energy, carbon and water use reductions on the packaging, not to mention reduced haulage impact after filling (particularly for export, kg rather than kg per unit), and a smart palletisation shape for shipping and storage. The decision to move to a paper board packaging mode derived from extensive life cycle research, cost parison and product testing (which funnily enough, contrary to some stigma, highlighted longer shelf life) to measure the potential benefits. The weight reduction, bined with an additional 250 mL of wine to the customer (the product is delivered in 1 L), delivers a quality driven oute, with a raft of environmental and economic benefits due to life cycle thinking. Dyson39。rules of thumb39。green39。 trend, which is fantastic in principle but often contrived in reality. What does this mean for the designer who imagines, designs and creates these goods that cater for growing consumer demand in 39。 for that infiltrated the design munity in last two decades. The reality is that these techniques do have potential to make a difference, but are often ineffective. Take design for disassembly. A designer in an appliance pany designs a product for disassembly although there is no effective product stewardship scheme to collect the parts from reclaimed models. The design driven benefit is not delivered, rendering the methodology a waste of time. It is also well and good to reduce the weight of ponents and thus the embodied energy of the same appliance, however if the bulk of the impacts are generated during use from electricity (like an electric kettle), then the strategy most likely has negligible benefit in reducing environmental load. Likewise by making parts from monised, recyclable materials, the likelihood is that there is no post consumer recycling stream or infrastructure in place to handle the majority of parts and materials, due to the mercial reality of recycling. This design for environment mentality has long been detached from the ben
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