【正文】 With lots of fresh sprouts in spring air. Please pick more till full are in your hands。 (3) culturally blank words。如 pumpkin（南瓜），美國人會聯(lián)想到感恩節(jié)、萬圣節(jié)；而中國人卻完全沒有這樣的聯(lián)想。 Cultureloaded words。因此我們不僅需要扎實的語言 功底，更需要培養(yǎng)跨文化交際的意識和能力。因此本文致力于通過對中英文中特別是植物詞匯的簡要分析和對比，達到初步在跨文化交際中避免產(chǎn)生誤讀和誤解的目的。 the traditional Chinese medicine was divided into 13 channels。 The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.” [5] People in China hope that friendship can be as long as willow twigs, and no matter where they are, hearts would be tightly connected, never broken by time and space. Lily Lily is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent. Flowers. Lily represents divinity and purity. Opinions on the origin of lily are widely divided. In fact, lily?s name has preclassical origins. In fact it was the Greek name leirion and the Roman name lilium from which the name “l(fā)ily” was derived. But one of the most famous is that it is transformed by Eve?s tears. The lily is believed to have sprung from the regretful tears of Eve as she is expelled from the Garden of Eden. In
。 while the east wind is not so favorable because it blows from the inner land, cold and dry, just like 西風 in China. Historical Events Every great event in human history leaves deep imprints on language. As a result, they help to enrich and develop the associative meanings of vocabularies greatly. From the early wars between ancient Greece and Athens through the Renaissance to the present society, many great incidents have found their way into the language. “To cross the Rubicund”, an allusion in English, signifying an impossible retreat, is such an example. It es from an historical event. In 49 , Julius Caesar went across the Rubicund River in the north of Italy to fight with the then governor Pompey. On reaching the bank, to show his determination to win the fight, he ordered the soldiers to burn all the boats. This story may very likely remind Chinese readers of the historical event 破釜沉舟 which is recorded in The Historical Records written by Si Maqian in Han Dynasty. There was a war between the troops led by Xiang Yu and those from the State of Qin. After his army crossed the river, Xiang Yu ordered the soldiers to break the cauldrons and sink the boats to show his determination to win and urge them to put up a desperate fight. Hence，破釜沉舟 and “To cross the Rubicund” are amazingly similar not only in their meaning but also in their spirit and derivation. Cultural Values Cultural values refer to the standards, opinions, and assumptions held by a society?s members defining what is good or bad, right or wrong. ８ It is mon that many English words carrying the Western values have verbal equivalents in Chinese but with absolutely different associative meanings . The words “individualism” and “l(fā)iberalism” carry no derogatory senses in the West as their literal equivalents do in Chinese. The literal meaning of the word “individualism” in the dictionary is “social theory that favors the free action and plete liberty of belief of individuals”. The Chinese translation for it is“個人主義” . It is a derogatory term in Chinese, which refers to “selfish”, since Chinese people value and emphasize a sacrifice of one?s own benefits for other people, for the collective and for the country. In the United States, individualism is one of their dominant cultural patterns. It refers to the doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be a priority, and that all value, rights, and duties originate in individuals. It emphasizes individual initiative, independence, individual expression, and even privacy. From its literature to its art and their history, the message is the same: individual achievement, sovereignty, and freedom are the virtues most glorified and honored. Its heroes tend to acplish their goals with little or no assistance. The result of these and countless other messages is that most Americans believe that each person has his or her own separate identity, which should be recognized and reinforced. From their strong belief in democracy to the ease with which they go to war to preserve freedom, individualism dominates American culture. Religious Faith In the West, religion occupies a significant role in social life and culture and bees one major feature of Western cultures. It is said to be through all the domains of a person39。因此，學習語言就是學習另一種文化。然而，在傳統(tǒng)的英語學習中，學習者常常片面地重視語言知識，例如詞匯，短語和語法規(guī)則，而忽略了文化背景知識的學習，結(jié)果造成了跨文化交際中無法正確理解和有效交流的現(xiàn)象。著名語言學家布朗先生曾經(jīng)說過，語言，作為傳承同一文化民族的交際工具，是對文化本身、文化表現(xiàn)形式、人們風俗習慣以及生活方式最可見的和最有效的說明和呈現(xiàn)。 語言學習的目的是為了培養(yǎng)人們掌握使用另一種語言進行有效跨文化交際的能力。 (5) culturally conflicting words. The Relationship of Cultureloaded Words and Intercultural Communication Cultureloaded words are influenced by cultural factors, like the society, religious beliefs, history, ways of life, value systems, etc. They display the culture of a society and its people. Each culture places its own individual imprint on word symbols. As we all know, cultures in the world have similarities as well as differences. So discrepancies always exist between vocabulary in the two different langua ges and cultures. People who grow up in a certain background always carry their culture with them wherever they go, which influences how they respond to the people they meet. Therefore, in intercultural munication, no matter whether the participant realize or not, he/she always encodes or decodes linguistic messages according to his/her own culture. In that case, cultureloaded words often bee the barriers of appropriate understanding and use of foreign language. Sometimes, they even result in the breakdown or conflict in the course of munication.