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至于第二個(gè)目的,提出了三個(gè)假設(shè)以及評(píng)估調(diào)查結(jié)果。 ( 3)關(guān)于供內(nèi)部使用的環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì), %的企業(yè)使用與對(duì)外披露的環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)相同的理論和指標(biāo), %的企業(yè)只是略加修改這些理論和指標(biāo),只有 %的企業(yè)在內(nèi)部使用與對(duì)外披露不同的環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)方法和指標(biāo)。這一部分包括以索尼、理光、佳能、大阪煤氣為案例研究,這些企業(yè)已經(jīng)在他們的企業(yè)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)制度中采用了一些環(huán)保指標(biāo)。環(huán)境目標(biāo)成本在傳統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)成本上增 加一些環(huán)境因素的理論,這有利于企業(yè)在設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)產(chǎn)品時(shí)更具環(huán)保意識(shí)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目于 2020 年 3 月完成,經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省在 6 月出版了《環(huán)境管理 會(huì)計(jì)手冊(cè)》作為該委員會(huì)的最終成果。 指南為企業(yè)提供了以下三種環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表格式: 格式 A:只有環(huán)境成本 格式 B:環(huán)境成本和環(huán)境保護(hù)收益 格式 C:環(huán)境成本、環(huán)境保護(hù)收益和環(huán)境效益 格式 C 是最綜合的選擇,建議有能力的公司選擇這種格式。環(huán)境報(bào)告指南列出了應(yīng)在環(huán)境報(bào)告中披露的信息,環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)信息是披露的一個(gè)類別。在出版之前,日本企業(yè)的環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)知識(shí)僅限于環(huán)境省的環(huán)境指南中的方法和理論 ,企業(yè)很少有專門的環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)方法和理論。環(huán)境省強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)對(duì)外部利益相關(guān)者的應(yīng)用,經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省強(qiáng)調(diào)的是環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)的核算,主要是環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)的內(nèi)部應(yīng)用。1 中文 3550 字 本科畢業(yè) 論文 ( 設(shè)計(jì) ) 外 文 翻 譯 外文題目 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING RACTICES IN JAPAN 外文出處 Implementing Environmental Management Accounting, 2020:321342 外文 作者 KATSUHIKO KOKUBU、 ERIKO NASHIOKA 原文 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES IN JAPAN INTRODUCTION In Japan two governmental environmental accounting initiatives have been the primary agents for promoting, disseminating and producing those practices for private sectors. One is the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) initiative and the other is the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) initiative. The MOE initiative emphasizes the application of environmental accounting to munication with external stakeholders, and the METI initiative emphasizes internal applications of environmental accounting, which is environmental management accounting (EMA). The MOE initiative precedes the METI initiative。 環(huán)境省先于經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省產(chǎn)生, 1999 年,環(huán)境省發(fā)布了中間報(bào)告,在 2020 年發(fā)布了環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)指南,然而經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省在 2020 年發(fā)布了環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)工作手冊(cè)。 本文的目的是通過問卷調(diào)查的手段再次審視日本環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)的實(shí)踐在經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)省發(fā)布環(huán)境管理工作手冊(cè)一年 之后,并分析促進(jìn)環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)發(fā)展的因素。 環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)指南關(guān)注的核心內(nèi)容是環(huán)境成本和效益。 11 日本環(huán)境省的指南對(duì)企業(yè)自愿披露環(huán)境報(bào)告的做法有重大的影響。鑒于環(huán)境省強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)對(duì)外部核算重要性,經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省更專注于環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)對(duì)企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理的重要性。該手冊(cè)提出了一個(gè)理論框架并且提供了一些個(gè)案研究包括索尼、通用機(jī)器公司以及佳能。 工作手冊(cè)發(fā)布之后,經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省在東京和大阪召開了環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)研討會(huì)。 基于這些結(jié)果,國(guó)風(fēng)等人( 2020)總結(jié)日本企業(yè)的環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)師面向?qū)ν鈭?bào)告的。 這項(xiàng)調(diào)查時(shí)在 2020 年 4 月進(jìn)行 的,大約在經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省發(fā)布環(huán)境工作手冊(cè)一年之后。這份調(diào)查問卷的新焦點(diǎn)在于環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)理論在日本企業(yè)的普及程度。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明,在目前環(huán)境 會(huì)計(jì)對(duì)企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理可感知的作用是有限的。 第六章討論了企業(yè)把環(huán)境績(jī)效指標(biāo)諸如二氧化碳排放量、廢棄物數(shù)量、綠色產(chǎn)品率等列入自己企業(yè)或部門的環(huán)境績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)體系,這些指標(biāo)是以企業(yè)的環(huán)境政策為依據(jù)的。該模型計(jì)劃將以明確的方式組織環(huán)境省環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)指南提出的成本和收益,正如預(yù)期,這在預(yù)算方面十分有用。該委員會(huì)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)為期三年的項(xiàng)目來發(fā)展日本企業(yè)的環(huán)境管理會(huì)計(jì)的理論研究。指南要求企業(yè)披露那些可 信基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算的環(huán)境收益,對(duì)于估算收益該指南則讓企業(yè)自主選擇,如果企業(yè)愿意,也可以披露那些估算收益。除了環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì) 指南,環(huán)境省還發(fā)布了環(huán)境自愿報(bào)告指南在 2020 年(環(huán)境省, 2020)。然而,他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是在經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)生發(fā)布工作手冊(cè)之前。一個(gè)是日本環(huán)境省,另一個(gè)是日本經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)省。 MOE published an interim report in 1999 and environmental accounting guidelines in 2020, whereas METI published its environmental management accounting workbook in 2020. Therefore, external environmental accounting has been more diffused than EMA in this country. The MOE initiative undeniably influenced environmental accounting information disclosure in the form of corporate environmental reports. As Kokubu et al. (2020) showed, environmental accounting information disclosures in corporate 2 environmental reports were heavily influenced in content and format by the MOE environmental accounting guidelines. On the other hand, Kokubu et al. (2020) revealed that the use of environmental accounting for corporate management purposes in Japan is not so widespread. They argued that the development of EMA was critically important for corporate management. However, the survey of Kokubu et al. (2020) was conducted before the publication of the METI workbook. Before the publication, the environmental accounting knowledge of Japanese panies was restricted to the tools and methods discussed in the MOE guidelines, panies had little knowledge of the specialized EMA tools and methods. The purpose of the paper is to reexamine the Japanese corporate practices of environmental accounting one year after releasing the METI workbook by a questionnaire survey and to analyze some factors to promote environmental management accounting practices. Before discussing the results of the survey we will