【正文】 近年來，免疫預防接種引發(fā)雞免疫應(yīng)激常有報道。另外，在免疫應(yīng)激過程中，機體神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)功能活動明顯改變，這可能是導致免疫系統(tǒng)功能變化的重要因素之一?，F(xiàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)能激活免疫系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)都有可能刺激機體產(chǎn)生免疫應(yīng)激（ Kelly 等， 1998）。 3 免疫抵抗力降低 雞在應(yīng)激時，體內(nèi)腎上腺素分泌增加，使血中淋巴細胞減少，同時因蛋白質(zhì)分解代謝增強，用于產(chǎn)生免疫球蛋白的原料相對減少，此時進行疫苗免疫時，抗體形成減少，體內(nèi)抗體水平低下，不能達 到預期的免疫效果 。 3 慢性應(yīng)激綜合癥 多由強度不大的應(yīng)激源長期反復刺激引起。③啄食癖。表現(xiàn)很象警覺期，但反應(yīng)程度急劇增強，出現(xiàn)各種營養(yǎng)不良，腎 上腺皮質(zhì)雖然肥大，但卻不能產(chǎn)生必要的激素，異化作用又重新占主導地位，體重急劇下降，繼而機體貯備耗盡，新陳代謝出現(xiàn)不可逆變化，適應(yīng)機能破壞，導致死亡。機體尚未獲得適應(yīng)期，是機體對應(yīng)激源的早期反應(yīng)。⑥血液檸檬酸濃度上升。 poultry growth, body weight decreased, the meat quality is poor, low feed reward. 3, 2 produce stress syndrome Manifestations of renal cortical hypertrophy, lassitude, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, loss of appetite, reduced sexual function, slow growth, the most serious from fear of death. 3, 3 immune resistance Chicken in the stress, the increase in the secretion of epinephrine, make blood lymphocytes decreased, at the same time, because of increased protein catabolism, used to produce immunoglobulin raw material is relatively reduced, the vaccine, antibody formation was reduced, low antibody level in the body, can not achieve the desired effect of the immune. 3, 4 to induce various diseases Stress not only make chicken lower only specific immunity in chickens, and non specific resistance is generally reduced, easy to induce a variety of diseases, such as blueb disease, chronic respiratory disease, infectious coryza, aspergillosis, bursitis, fowl cholera, ulcerative enteritis. 4, immunological stress Immunological stress animal is the animal vaccination appear individual allergic, a handful of animal body temperature, some animal anorexia, metabolism, growth, feeding cycle extension phenomenon. Generalized immune also known as immune challenge in immunology, which inject antigen to stimulate the immune response. In the animal life, there are many factors (including infection, trauma and tumor) can cause immune stress. In the immunity during stress, cytokines especially produced by monocytes and macrophages in the inflammatory cytokines IL1, IL6 and TNF α mediated inflammation response system, if have a fever, loss of appetite, also plays a role in nutrient redistribution agent, can be used in the growth and skeletal muscle protein deposition of nutrients for related process to maintain the immune response. The amount of inflammatory cytokines produced in favor of the body against infection, but produces too much will cause varying degrees of damage to the body. Especially the TNF α causes pathological reaction in inflammatory conditions or inflammatory diseases. The study found that can activate the immune system of the material are likely to stimulate the body to produce immunity stress (Kelly, 1998). The immune system has the ability to give priority to the use of nutrients, when the animal immune stress, immune system activation, release of cytokines (CK, CK) regulate metabolism process, affecting the growth of demand and the mode properties and nutritional needs. Research shows that, the change of stress is mainly mediated by CK. Webel (1998) to the pig injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide increases the secretion of IL6, TNF α, plasma concentration of TNF α 2 hours increased by 10 times. Klasing (1987) to the chickens infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were observed after the concentration of serum IL1 was significantly higher than that in non stress group. Many studies have confirmed that, the livestock and poultry immune stress reduced feed intake, reduce the feed conversion rate, delay the time to market, reduce protein deposition, carcass lean meat rate, eye muscle area