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區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)周期和房地產(chǎn)周期分析【外文翻譯】-免費(fèi)閱讀

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【正文】 美國九個(gè) 州屬于這一類。換句話說,這二十作為兩個(gè)國家在經(jīng)歷了 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代和 90 年代兩個(gè)國家的房地產(chǎn)衰退,衰退的跨度,但是, 各個(gè) 國家不相同。對于這兩種情況下,房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退開始之前,國家經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,并持續(xù)幾個(gè)階段后,國家經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退結(jié)束。經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退狀態(tài)測量 0 到 1 的規(guī)模,其中 0 表示經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的可能性為零, 1 代表經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退帶來的可能性。對 HPI 是一個(gè)單戶住宅 價(jià)格 , 這個(gè)價(jià)格 加權(quán)平均變化重復(fù)銷售,抵押貸款違約,預(yù)付款項(xiàng)并在特定地理區(qū)域的住房負(fù)擔(dān)能力的運(yùn)動(dòng)廣泛的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。以下是我們?yōu)槊枋鲞@個(gè)研究 所 使用數(shù)據(jù)集。同樣,卡諾和 DeFina 表明,利率變動(dòng),貨幣當(dāng)局在整個(gè)地區(qū)有差別的統(tǒng)一 對 國家 產(chǎn)生了 影響。按科龍 [14]最近的研究還估計(jì),美國經(jīng)濟(jì)周期的 擴(kuò)散指數(shù)基于國家級。為了 了解美國各州的房地產(chǎn)部門在房地產(chǎn)周期的不同階段 如何匯集 ,第六 段 我們提供了一個(gè)收斂性分析,最后我們在第 7 節(jié)結(jié)束 。其次,這將有助于有關(guān)當(dāng)局(政府,抵押貸款經(jīng)紀(jì)人,銀行等)進(jìn)行有效的決策。 those above probability scale we called the state recession. According to the following figures, the . experienced four major national recessions13 during1979:IQ to 2020:IIIQ time periods. Two recessions were at the beginning of the 1980s, the third one was at the beginning of the 1990s, and the last one was at the beginning of the 2020. Real estate recessions are marked by the solid (curve) lines in Figure . According to the Figure , the . has experienced two major real estate recessions during 1979:IQ to 2020:IQ period. One started at 1981:IIQ and ended at 1985:IQ, and the second one started at 1989:IVQ and sustained until 1999:IIIQ. For both cases, the real estate recessions started before the national recessions, and continued several periods after the national recession ended. The result indicates that even though the real estate is one of the biggest industries in the United States, not all national recessions are due to the real estate sector fluctuation. In many cases real estate fluctuations may play an important role in some national recessions. Nevertheless, just from the Figure alone, we cannot confirm that real estate was the sole reason of two national recessions of the1980s and the 1990s. Analyzing Figure , we also observe that in the recent years, starting from 2020:IIQ, the probability of another nation wide real estate recession is very high. A downturn in real estate in 2020:IIIQ occurred on the national level and on the state level in about forty five out of fifty . states (Appendix ). However, so far only nieen states tend to have high probability of entering into state level economic recession, but there is no indication of national economic recession. This paper also found that twenty two states15 have state level real estate cycle patterns similar to the national. In other words, these twenty two states experienced two real estate recessions as the nation during the 1980s and the 1990s。 2) the housing price indexes for the fifty . states and the nation。然而,近幾十年來,世界經(jīng)歷了全球性房地產(chǎn),包括近期美國房地產(chǎn)危機(jī)波動(dòng) , 這使得研究人員和投資者 好奇 房地產(chǎn)周期和結(jié)構(gòu) 和 他們是 怎樣與 國家相關(guān)以及遍布世界各地的其他經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng) 產(chǎn)生關(guān)聯(lián) 。二,關(guān)于國家一級房地產(chǎn)周期形成的不同,此研究歸類不同的 國家 , nally 分析了國家一級房地產(chǎn)周期的嚴(yán)重性。他總結(jié)說, 基于 卡爾曼濾波算法和交換 [20]估計(jì)技術(shù)漢密爾頓的馬爾可夫 的 股票和沃森的 [20], [20]實(shí)驗(yàn)商業(yè)周期指標(biāo) , 優(yōu)于所有其他商業(yè)周期測年法。為了衡量美國房地產(chǎn)市場表現(xiàn) , 作者使用從 1972 年 12 月 1995 年 3 月的房地產(chǎn)投資信托基金( REIT)月度數(shù)據(jù) 。觀察到投機(jī)的最大影響 是 供給缺乏彈性。這項(xiàng)研究使用國家級一致指數(shù)的原因是,沒有 月得 州生產(chǎn)總值( GSP)的數(shù)據(jù) 對全 美國 可用 。 首先,我們比較了與全國房地產(chǎn)周期的國家的商業(yè)周期。 房地產(chǎn)衰退的標(biāo)志是固體(曲線),如圖 線。在房地產(chǎn)不景氣, 2020 年: IIIQ 發(fā)生在國家一級和在大約四五美國五十州中(附錄 )國家的水平。在所有三種情況下,紅色實(shí)線后面國家和省級層面的房地產(chǎn)周期的標(biāo)志是綠色和藍(lán)色的虛線 。 20世紀(jì) 80年代在美國緬因州最大的房地產(chǎn) 衰退六個(gè)季度在國家級經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退是四分之二十零 。在圖 :馬里蘭州,我們觀察了 1981, 1990 年代和 2020 馬里蘭州的房地產(chǎn)周期,不僅遵循了國家級商業(yè)周期模式 ,它也遵循了國家具有滯后房地產(chǎn)周期的模式。不過,剛剛從圖 單,我們無法證實(shí),房地產(chǎn)是兩個(gè) the1980s和 90 年代國家經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的唯一原因。根據(jù)下面的數(shù)字,美國經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)主要 的國家 再 1979 年經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退 。對于全國房地產(chǎn)周期分析,我們還利用 HPI
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