【正文】 可以預(yù)見，人工智能技術(shù)在繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域必會(huì)得到應(yīng)用，以解決用常規(guī)方法難以解決的問題。從主控室通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)可將對被保護(hù)設(shè)備的操作控制命令送到此一體化裝置，由此一體化裝置執(zhí)行斷路器的操作。因此，每個(gè)微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置不但可完成繼電保護(hù)功能，而且在無故障正常運(yùn)行情況下還可完成測量、控制、數(shù)據(jù)通信功能，亦即實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化。天津大學(xué) 1993年針對未來三峽水電站 500kv超高壓多回路母線提出了一種分布式母線保護(hù)的原理，初步研制成功了這種裝置。因繼電保護(hù)的作用不只限于切除故障元件和限制事故影響范圍 (這是首要任務(wù) )，還要保證全系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。 繼電保護(hù)裝置的微機(jī)化、計(jì)算機(jī)化是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展趨勢。這就要求微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置具有相當(dāng)于一臺(tái) pc 機(jī)的功能。原華北電力學(xué)院研制的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)硬件已經(jīng)歷了 3個(gè)發(fā)展階段：從 8位單 cpu 結(jié)構(gòu)的微機(jī)保護(hù)問世，不到 5 年時(shí)間就發(fā)展到多 cpu 結(jié)構(gòu)，后又發(fā)展到總線不出模塊的大模塊結(jié)構(gòu)，性能大大提高，得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。在主設(shè)備保護(hù)方面，東南大學(xué)和華中理工大學(xué)研制的發(fā)電機(jī)失磁保護(hù)、發(fā)電機(jī)保護(hù)和發(fā)電機(jī) ?變壓器組保護(hù)也相繼于 198 1994年通過鑒定，投入運(yùn)行。其中天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研究的 500kv晶體管方向高頻保護(hù)和南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的晶體管高頻閉鎖距離保護(hù)，運(yùn)行于葛洲壩 500 kv線路上，結(jié)束了 500kv線路保護(hù)完全依靠從國外進(jìn)口的時(shí)代。 【 關(guān)鍵詞 】繼電保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展，繼電保護(hù)的未來發(fā)展 1 繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 電力系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展對繼電 保護(hù)不斷提出新的要求，電子技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展不斷為繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展注入新的活力，因此，繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)是有利的，在 40多年的時(shí)間里已完成發(fā)展了 4個(gè)歷史階段。s still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conversion quantity direction develops which in this aspect Nanjing electric power automation research institute high frequency protected the vital role , the Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development integrated circuit phase voltage pensated the type direction high frequency protection also moves in multi strip 220kv and on the 500kv line. Our country namely started the puter relay protection research from the end of the 7039。s, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , pleted to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical team39。s in are the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely uses. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kv transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protection to depend upon pletely from the overseas import time. 2 From the 7039。 On the other hand took the survey quantity, delivers through the work. May to deliver from through the work by the protection device operation control mand this integrated installment, carries out the circuit breaker operation from this the integrated installment. In 1992 the Tianjin University proposed the protection, the control, the survey, the correspondence integration question, and has developed take the tms320c25 digital signal processor (dsp) as a foundation protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration installment. intellectualizations In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve work, the geic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the application in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application research. The nerve work is one nonlinear mapping method, very many lists the plex nonlinear problem with difficulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve work side principle may be easily solved. For example exhibits in the situation in the transmission line tw 7 o sides systems electric potential angle to occur after the transition resistance shortcircuits is a nonlinear problem, very difficult correctly to make the breakdown position from the protection the distinction, thus creates moves by mistake or resists to move。這是機(jī)電式繼電保護(hù)繁榮的時(shí)代，為我國繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 我國從 70年代末即已開始了計(jì)算機(jī)繼電保護(hù)的研究，高等院校和科 研院所起著先導(dǎo)的作用?？梢哉f從 90年代開始我國繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)已進(jìn)入了微機(jī)保護(hù)的時(shí)代。采用 32位微機(jī)芯片并非只著眼于精度，因?yàn)榫仁?a/d轉(zhuǎn)換器分辨率的限制，超過 16位時(shí)在轉(zhuǎn)換速度和成本方面都是難以接受的；更重要的是 32位微機(jī)芯片具有很高的集成度，很高的工作頻率和計(jì)算速 度，很大的尋址空間，豐富的指令系統(tǒng)和較多的輸入輸出口。這種裝置的優(yōu)點(diǎn)有： (1)具有 486pc機(jī)的全部功能，能滿足對當(dāng)前和未來微機(jī)保護(hù)的各種功能要求。繼電保護(hù)的作用也只限于切除故障元件，縮小事故影響范圍。繼電保護(hù)裝置能夠得到的系統(tǒng)故障信息愈多，則對故障性質(zhì)、故障位置的判斷和故障距離的檢測愈準(zhǔn)確。 由上述可知，微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置網(wǎng)絡(luò)化可大大提高保護(hù)性能和可靠性，這是微機(jī)保護(hù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢?，F(xiàn)在光電流互感器 (ota)和光電壓互感器 (otv)已在研究試驗(yàn)階段，將來必然在電力系統(tǒng)中得到應(yīng)用。其它如遺傳算法、進(jìn)化規(guī)劃等也都有其獨(dú)特的求解復(fù)雜問題的能力。國內(nèi)外繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢為：計(jì)算機(jī)化，網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，保護(hù)、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化和人工智能化，這對繼電保護(hù)工作者提出了艱巨的任務(wù)，也開辟了活動(dòng)的廣闊天地。神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種非線性映射的方法，很多難以列出方程式或難以求解的復(fù)雜的非線性問題，應(yīng)用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法則可迎刃而解。但是如果將上述的保護(hù)、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化的計(jì)算機(jī)裝置，就地安裝在室外變電站的被保護(hù)設(shè)備旁，將被保護(hù)設(shè)備的電壓、電流量在此裝置內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量后，通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)送到主控室，則可免除大量的控制電纜。這種用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)的分布式母線保護(hù)原理，比傳統(tǒng)的集中式母線保護(hù)原理有較高的可靠性。這在當(dāng)前的技術(shù)條件下是完全可能的。它深刻影響著各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，也為各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域提供了強(qiáng)有力的通信手段?，F(xiàn)在，同微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置大小相似的工控機(jī)的功能、速度、存儲(chǔ)容量大大超過了當(dāng)年的小型機(jī)，因此，用成套工控機(jī)作成繼電保護(hù)的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟，這將是微機(jī)保護(hù)的發(fā)展方向之一。東南大學(xué)研制的微機(jī)主設(shè)備保護(hù)的硬件也 10 經(jīng)過了多次改進(jìn)和提高。至此，不同原理、不同機(jī)型的微機(jī)線路和主設(shè)備保護(hù)各具特色，為電力系統(tǒng)提供了一批新一代性能優(yōu)良、功能齊全、工作可靠的繼電保護(hù)裝置。到 90年代初集成電路保護(hù)的研制、 9 生產(chǎn)、應(yīng)用仍處于主導(dǎo)地位，這是集成電路保護(hù)時(shí)代。阿城繼電器廠引進(jìn)消化了當(dāng)時(shí)國外先進(jìn)的繼電器制造技術(shù)，建立了我國自己的繼電器制造業(yè)。s to enter the time which the microcomputer protected. 2 relay protections future development 3 The relay protection technology future the tendency will be to puterizes, worked, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data communication integration development. puterizes