【正文】 The house was built last year has been sold out. 去年建的那座房子已經(jīng)出售了。built last year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子) 從邏輯上講， the house was built,房子被建， 相當(dāng)于被 先找出句中的謂語，然后改正句中的錯誤，并說明原 動語態(tài)，是被動關(guān)系。這些詞本身 無詞匯意義或意義不完全，不能單獨作謂語。如：3. 實義動詞、助動詞與情態(tài)動詞 實義動詞和助動詞是根據(jù)動詞在句子中的含義 和作用來劃分的。一個詞既可以作實義動詞也可以作助動詞，具體是 哪一種，主要看它們在句中的功能。) 幫助構(gòu)成虛擬語氣 而漢語中“聽”是及物動詞。如： The meeting began at six. We began the meeting at six. 有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，但詞義 不同。高考英語必考40知識點_高考英語必考知識點匯總及考點要求(精選篇)Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education培育東方精英,打造優(yōu)質(zhì)教育！高考英語必考語法知識點匯總高考政策及題型解讀：上海卷采取 3+3 模式 （語數(shù)英個 150 分+小三科各 70 分） ， 英語有兩次考試機會 （春 季考、夏季靠）擇期中分?jǐn)?shù)最高計入最終的高考成績 聽力 30 分（24 題） 、語音詞匯 20 分（語法 10 題、詞匯 10 題） 、閱讀理解 45 分（完 形填空類 15 題、語篇閱讀類 15 題、概括類 1 題） 、翻譯 15 分、寫作 25 分① 相關(guān)概念1. 詞性的英文縮寫 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，掌握單詞詞性非常重要。[例句] He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅持說自己 是無辜的。句型 38 在動詞 insist(1 堅持做某事)，order, mand(2 命令), advise, suggest, propose(3 建議做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4 要求)等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性 從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。如果不是…… “ [注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用否定結(jié)構(gòu)的縮寫形式，即不能用 weren’t it for…) [例句] If it hadn’t been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船長一直堅強，船上的旅客就不 會得救。如果你去了，就能見到那位著名歌手。Tom didn’t attend the meeting last night。Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了 18 歲 才能參軍。On no condition should you visit that place. 你決不能去那個地方。這樣的副詞主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(決不), at no time(在任 何時候都不)，nowhere, in no case (無論如何都不)。Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗桿上有一面國旗。句型 23 全倒裝句型(二) 表示方位的狀語放在句首， 句子全倒裝。You may invite whomever(口語中常用 whoever 代替)you like to the party. 你可以 邀請你喜歡的人來參加晚會。Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 無論什么時 候你去找她，你都會看到她坐在窗邊。She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改變了主意，這使我 們大家都生氣了。He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要盡可能找漂亮的女孩結(jié)婚。[注意 3]as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，常構(gòu)成 the same…as…。 as is evident。句型 19 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 在 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中，連接代詞 as 在句子中可以作主語、賓語或表語等， 可以指人或物。That’s where a change is needed. 那就是需要變更的地方。但是它引導(dǎo)邏輯地點狀語從句時，沒有這樣用法。可是“，常用來表達對比關(guān)系。I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我剛做完作業(yè)，下課鈴響了。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主語 + be doing… when…意思是“正在做某 事這時……“。The meeting was put off until ten o’clock. 會議推遲到十點鐘。 強調(diào)時間、地點、原因或方式時不要用 when, where 或 how, 必須用 that。It will not be long before they understand each other. 他們大概不久就會互相 了解。句型 8 …before…特殊用法(2)“過了多久才……“或“動作進行到什么程度才……“ [例句] They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village. 他們西行 50 英里才看到一個村莊。4. Although he tried, he couldn’t solve the problem. →Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他努力了，但是他沒有解 決問題。句型 6 as, though, although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 表示將來的愿望：主語+would/could do [例句] How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學(xué)生多么希 望有更多的自由時間放松自己! I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing! What a pity you can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party! 句型 4 It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should 通常不省略) …早 就該…… [例句] It’s time that you went to school.= It’s time that you should go to school. It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們?yōu)?環(huán)保做些事情了。更愿意……“(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿? would rather that somebody had done…“寧愿……。11. end up with 以……告終；以……結(jié)束 The party ended up with an English 。如： ①He answered all the questions except the last one. 除去最后一個，他回答了所有問題。5. such as 意為“諸如……”，“像……”，是用來列舉人或事物的。He’s fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。2）關(guān)心 = care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考慮 自己。9. e about 引起；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生 （1）How did the accident e about? 這場事故是怎么發(fā)生的？ （2） They didn’t know how the change had e about. 他們不知道這個變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。（3）但在現(xiàn)代英語中，except for 也用于表示 except 的意思。14. get away（from） 逃離 （1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money. 小偷帶著我們所有的錢從商店逃跑了。表示過 去的情況用過去完成時)[參考句型 4] [例句] Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan 談起羅馬來就好像他去過 那里似的。含有輕微的 責(zé)備語氣。[參考倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)] 請注意下列句式的 變化： [例句] 1. Although/Though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow. →Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我雖然年輕，但我已經(jīng)明白我應(yīng)該追隨什么樣的事業(yè)。句型 7 …before…特殊用法(1)“沒來得及……就……“ [例句] The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他還沒有來得及沖進房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。句型 9 It was + 時間段+before….“過了多久才(怎么樣)……“ It was not long before….“不久，就……“ It will (not) be +時間段+before….“要過多久(不久)……才……“(before 從句謂語 動詞要用一般時態(tài)) [例句] It was not long before he sensed the danger of the 處境的危險。句型 11 It 強調(diào)句型 強調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成：It is/was + 被強調(diào)的部分 + who(主要指人時)/that + 其余部分 [注意 1] 這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以強調(diào)句子的主語、賓語、狀語(包括時間，地點，方式，原因等)，但是不 能強調(diào)謂語動詞(參考句型 15)。Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除 非被邀請，否則我不 去參加的生日晚會。I believe the time will soon e when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒有武器的日子不久就會到來。就在那時我看見一家裁縫店。I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只賺 120 美元，她卻賺 180 美元。Go where you should, keep on studying. 無論你到哪里，你都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。在句子里可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語，既可以指人，也可以指物。 as is said/mentioned above。 as I can remember 等。The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說話的 樣子可明顯看出，他是個老師。[例句]Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黃石國家公園位于懷俄明州，是世界上最美麗的國家公園 之一。Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 無論你有什 么理由，你都應(yīng)該遵守諾言。I’ll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就給你看什么。[注意] (1)在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動詞或 be 動詞，像 go, e, rush, live, stand, lie 等。Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在樹下坐著一個大約 10 歲的男孩。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他說英語非常清晰，別人都能聽懂他的話。世界上沒有其他地方會有這么安靜、美麗的地方了。Why didn’t you buy the jacket? Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me. 價格不能令人滿意，顏