【正文】 for a short time, especially ina railway don39?！痶 often see lights in that empty you think I _____ report it to the police? _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show have arrive be arriving have had arrived ______ be tiredyou39。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：should have done / ought to have done：本應(yīng)該…… shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不該…… could have done：本來可以…… needn’t have done：本來沒必要…… would like to have done：本來很想…… would rather not have done: 本來不愿意…… could / might / have done: 不然早就情態(tài)動詞講解與訓(xùn)練高考重點(diǎn)要求：1．掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本含義和用法，并能根據(jù)語境準(zhǔn)確使用表達(dá)情感的情態(tài)動詞。如：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last ，想必昨晚一定下雨了。例如：You ought not to make fun of is not the one you laugh at but learn 。例如： You needn’t have wakened me up。2)must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進(jìn)行式。He must stay 。否定推測用can39。clock, he can39。I don39。3）情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。4）情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。t, couldn39。注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如can, may。其中might not / may not意思是 “可能不”，should not / ought not to意思是“料想/按常理不會 ”，won’t意思是“肯定不”，“ couldn’t / can’t”表示“不可能”。2)情態(tài)助動詞+ be doing： 對說話時的行為進(jìn)行推測(但will be doing還可以表示對將來某個時候正發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測)It’s already midnight and all lights are off students must be sleeping.(= There can’t be another possibility.)已經(jīng)半夜了，所有的燈也都熄了。Our airplane flies very we will be flying over the Pacific when we wake up tomorrow morning.(對將來某個時候正發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測)我們的飛機(jī)飛得很快。The girl in red must have been said she would wear a red blouse and no other girls were in red then.(= There can’t be another possibility.)那個穿紅衣的女子一定是Lucy。The girl doesn’t want to talk to his must have been quarreling.(= I’m sure they have been quarreling.)這個女孩不想和她男朋友說話?！敝荒苷f“She could / may / might be Lucy.” Can可以用在否定句中和疑問句中表示對事實(shí)推測，can’t表示不可能，和couldn’t 同義，如前所述；用在一般疑問句中，如Can that be Tom?表示“可能......嗎？”用在特殊疑問句中，如What can it be?” 表示“可能是什么/為什么/在哪兒............呢？”3)但是can可以用在肯定句中，表示理論可能上的或泛泛而談的可能性，可翻譯為“(有時)可能”，它不是表示對具體事實(shí)的推測。對比：It’s very cold could /may / might be as low as minus 15 。(對事實(shí)推測)情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞1)may(might)have + done sth, can(could)have + done sth 表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實(shí)上已扔了。t have done weather was )would like to have done sth本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy They must be in the library, aren’t they? 他們一定還在圖書館，對吧？They must have gone to the library, haven’t they? 他們一定去圖書館了，對吧？ They must have been to the library yesterday, didn’t they? 他們昨天一定去了圖書館，是不是？ Let me do it, will you? 讓我來做，好么？ Let me help you, may I? 請讓我?guī)湍悖梢詥幔?Don’t move, will you? 請你別動！Go quickly, can you? 你能不能快點(diǎn)？Let’s go for a walk, shall we? 咱們?nèi)ド⒉?，好么？He used to live in the countryside, didn’t/usedn’t he? 他過去住在農(nóng)村，對吧？情態(tài)動詞，在英文中主要用來表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度等。3）情態(tài)動詞在句中不受任何人稱,性,數(shù)變化的影響。must。例如：He can speak five 。t be in such a hurry for there is enough timefor ，用不著這么慌張。但是were / was able to的肯定形式也可以表示過去實(shí)現(xiàn)了的具體能力（即表示過去某個時候某人成功地做成某事），此時不能用could替代He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out Although the pilot was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had ，他還是將事情的經(jīng)過解釋清楚了（而不是“他有能力解釋清楚”）。He could hardly support his family before he found the new 法養(yǎng)家。Now people can skate on the 。t happen any more 。He couldn39。這時候，could就不可以看作是can的過去式了。t give you any definite answer at this 。（二）情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必須”或“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等之意。將情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前即構(gòu)成其疑問式，在情態(tài)動詞之后加not既構(gòu)成其否定式。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy 、may和might(might為may的過去式)的基本用法may , might 或許，可能，可以（might可以看作是may的過去式，這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外，在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。如： May you have a good 。t，表示“不應(yīng)該”，“不準(zhǔn)”、“不許可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every mustn39。t)have to(不必)來回答，而不用mustn39。t have to), but you must finish it in three days.(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推測，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：Whose new bike can it be?It must be Liu Dong39。如果使用might，語氣就比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before.②可以表示過去本來可以做到而實(shí)際沒有做到的事情，有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語氣，如：You didn39。t have to，因?yàn)閙ustn39。t(or , you don39。注意，在美國英語中ought to 用于否定和疑問句時to可以省略。t后接完成式可以表示過去做了一件本來不必要做的事情shall的基本用法(1)shall用作情態(tài)動詞時，用于第二、三人稱，表示說活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“強(qiáng)制”、“威脅”或“允諾”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.(2)在疑問句中，shall用于第一、三人稱，表示說話人的征詢對方意見或請求指示，Shall用于第一人稱和第三人稱的疑問句中是向聽話人征求意見或命令。should的基本用法用于表示“建議、命令、要求、主張、指示”類含義的名詞性從句中的謂語部分should do,但should可以省略；6)用在虛擬語氣句子中，表示發(fā)生的可能性不大，但也并非全無可能性，可譯為“萬一”，如：If it should rain, buy an umbrella.= Should it rain, buy… 萬一下雨就買一把傘。It’s amazing that she should be the only student who has won the ，真是神了。Used to 表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不復(fù)發(fā)生或存在，疑問式和否定式有兩種?！?I don39。I promise that you shall see her again before 。You shall do as you are 。4）規(guī)定Each petitor shall wear a 。主要用于下面幾個方面。We should read English aloud every 。The effect of the tax should be felt in higher 。Why should I pay him for nothing ? 我干嗎要無為地付給他錢？ It seems so unfair that this should happen to 。If it had not been for the doctor39。ll write it down lest I should forget it 我將它記下以免遺忘。）will , would（would可以看作是will的過去式，這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外，在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。t you e in and have a little whisky ? 你要不要進(jìn)來喝一點(diǎn)兒威士忌？（或是：你進(jìn)來喝一點(diǎn)兒威士忌，好嗎？）Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ? 您能告訴我怎么去購物中心嗎？ 2）用于表示愿望Go where you 。They had to obey whether they would or 。4）表示猜測（可譯成“一定是……、想必……，等”）This will be the house you39。5）will用于表示決心（可譯成“一定要,決心，等”）We will never talk about that subject 。t worry about won39。例如：You must be tired after working so ，肯定累了吧。I didn39。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？Shall we begin now? 我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？You must obey the school 。What can I do for you? 你要什么？How dare you treat us like that!你怎么敢那樣對待我們?nèi)⑶閼B(tài)動詞的特點(diǎn)情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加“not”。t carry the heavy 。四、情態(tài)動詞的用法(could)表示說話人能, 可以, 同意, 準(zhǔn)許, 以及客觀條件許可, could 為can 的過去式。(might)“可以”，表示說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。may 否定式為 may not, 縮寫形式是 mayn?t。 “必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是”，表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。t work all the 。值得注意的是：（1）must + have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對過去事物的推測。s six o39。(說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干)I have to