【正文】 不定式作主語表示具體動作。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細微含義。(具體)(2)動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。(經驗)(3）不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。2）如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結果）。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的愛好是集郵。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到清華大學英語教授研究組提供激動的”和“感到高興的”。The argument is very convincing．他的論點很令人信服。t stand受不了 deny否認 excuse借口 consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想，愛好 favor 造成，偏愛 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描繪，計算 miss錯過 resent怨恨finish完成，結束不得 pardon原諒，饒恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復 imagine設想 postpone延遲，延期 risk冒險involve卷入，包含 practise 實行，實踐 suggest建議 hate討厭 prevent阻止 save營救，儲蓄 keep保持 quit放棄停止 stand堅持，忍受 loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years 。t you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要記著是明天動身。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。t mean to hurt your feeling．我沒想要傷害你的感情。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系 Get him something to eat．給他拿點兒東西吃。There is nothing to worry about．沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。7）如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語，或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補語，則相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。(2)分詞作定語分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區(qū)別。2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。c：不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導主語。(主語)I don39。（雙重賓語）注），如：I have no idea of how to do 。如： Let him do 。例如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。（4）不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結構1)不定式的邏輯主語為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。2)動名詞的邏輯主語為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；②名詞39。s working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。It39。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing is no use 。3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth． It is useless 。清華大學英語教授研究組提供第二篇：非謂語動詞初中英語分類練習——非謂語動詞非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。（teaches 動詞作謂語） came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動詞形式沒有這種限制。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。Our ing made him happy.（ing 起名詞作用）There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)非謂語動詞的形式變化：不定式主動被動一般to writeto be written進行to be writing完成to have writtento have been written完成進行to have been writing現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動被動一般writingbeing written完成having writtenhaving been written過去分詞主動被動一般written動名詞主動被動一般writing being written完成having writtenhaving been written●動 詞 不 定 式：動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。s very kind of you to have given us much 。We expect you to be with 。：There are many ways to solve the 。動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動詞原形The teacher told us not to swim in that 。Where to go is not known 。注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。動詞不定式的被動形式： 表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關系。1)動名詞作主語：Talking like that is not from others is on more clothes is not so good.（注：動名詞可以象動詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動名詞寫在后面。s very difficult climbing this )動名詞作表語The nurse39。）His being looked down upon made him can39。能跟不定式的動詞有：decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。Stop smoking, 。reading text 閱讀課文 〔動名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國家 〔分詞〕a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕●分 詞分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。s an interesting girl singing for us is ten years ，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。（分詞）a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動名詞）Being a student, he likes to help a new pair of glasses, she can read is there waiting for by the teacher, she knew she was The story is are interested in glass is water is 可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。（別人修理的）They have their house 。t dare to go to 。分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發(fā)生。分詞的被動形式 分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關系。trembled, the girls raced on to the second in a stick in her hand in in hands of them got up early ______ to catch the early pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said! hear should prevent pollution ______ live am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the have came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the be won boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his be the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?Last be painted likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too swim。lost search。hidden。to plete be carried out。)Resources used Grammar Summary。： 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。： ? ： spoke loudly(so as / in order)to be heard.（——————狀語） jumped with joy to hear the news.（———————狀語）’m too tired to walk any further tonight.（———————狀語）： 。一．非謂語動詞與謂語動詞之區(qū)別：1．相同之處：1）可以有賓語： He bought a was considering buying a wanted to buy a )可以被狀語修飾：He always gets up very is used to getting up )可以有“體”式和語態(tài)的變化： She has finished her finished her work,she went is treated insisted on being treated )可以有自己的邏輯主語： My wife often works dislike my wife’s working was a hot being a hot day, we stayed ．不同之處：1）可以起名詞作用（如：不定式和動名詞），在句中作主、賓、表語。）I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this ．介詞賓語Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having ．動名詞的邏輯主語Do you mind(my)opening the insisted on my brother’s going with ，意義不同的幾組詞： stop to do sth（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（記住要做某事）Remember doing sth（記得曾做過某事）Forget to to do sth（忘記要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘記曾做過某事）Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后