【正文】 ...................... 1 Ecocriticism ......................................................................... 2 2. Confliction between Nature and Culture .......................................... 3 The Symbol of the Wilderness ................................................ 3 Description of the Wilderness that Reflects the Confliction between Nature and Culture ............................................... 5 Nature as Wuthering Heights .................................................... 5 Culture as Thrshcross Grange ................................................. 7 3. The Distorted Relationships in Wuthering Heights: The Crisis of Social Ecology ............................................................................................ 8 Alienation .............................................................................. 8 The Loss of Self: the Crisis of Spiritual Ecology ..................... 9 Catherine’s Identification with Nature ........................... 10 Catherine’s Betrayal of Her Identification ...................... 11 4. Rehabilitation through Returning to Nature ................................... 13 Heathcliff’s and Catherine’s Eventual Return to Nature .......... 13 The Second Generation’s Identification with Nature ............... 14 Return to Nature: The Way Out for Civilization ..................... 15 VIII Conclusion ........................................................................................... 18 Bibliography ........................................................................................ 20 1 1. Introduction Literature Review and the Current Studies Emily Bronte is remembered and extolled chiefly as the author of one novel, Wuthering Heights, which is regarded as one of the greatest masterpieces in the world literature. It is wellknown that since “Emily heat” and “Wuthering Heights doctrines” formed in the twentieth century, new interpretations of Emily and Wuthering Heights have e into a continuous stream. The Belgian essayist and poet, Maeterinck, says Emily is a woman who is expert in meditation and she is highly skilled in experiencing and observing what she has seen and heard. She has never fallen in love with anyone but she has already understood love and talked about it and got into its most incredible myth. (Cecil, 20xx:139) At that time many people judged this novel from the theme, the characters, the plot and the motif, such as these mon factors. It involves a lot of themes to talk: passion, love, clash of elemental forces, the clash of economic interest and social classes, the striving for transcendence, the abusive patriarch and patriarchal family, study of childhood and the family, the effects of intense suffering, selfimposed of selfgenerated confinement and escape, displacement, dispossession, and exile, munication and understanding, the fall. The universe is made up of two opposite forces, storm and calm. Wuthering Heights and the Earnshaws represent the storm。 關(guān)鍵詞： 《呼嘯山莊》 ； 生態(tài)批評 ； 自然與文明 ；回歸自然和回歸自我 ；社會生態(tài)和 精神生態(tài) VI Abstract Emily Bronte was a brilliant writer in Victorian Period. Her work, Wuthering Heights, is generally considered a masterpiece that stands outside the mainstream of Victorian Literature. As time passed by, her novel Wuthering Heights, has gained more and more attention. Scholars study it from different views. However, few critics have done from the perspective of Ecocriticism. My thesis tries to apply ecocriticism to analyze the relationship between nature and culture, with elaboration on how their conflicts lead to the loss of selves and how their balance helps bring back the harmony and the modern revelation embodied in this novel. Since its debut, ecocriticism is popular with critics because it concerns much about reality. According to ecocritical integrity, this thesis holds that in spite of conflict and struggle, nature and civilization can arrive at the harmony through conflicting development, which forcefully attacks the idea maintained by ecological pessimists that nature and civilization could never coexist harmoniously. That is to say, the novel reflects the idea of returning to nature and integrating with nature, and keeping a harmonious relationship between man and nature. Otherwise, ecologists hold that man should have a sound mind in order to lead a wellbalanced life. Meanwhile, the upsetting of spiritual balance will lead to the unbalancing of the whole ecology, which has the enlightening and profound significance for constructing a harmonious society. Key Words: Wuthering Heights。本文運(yùn)用生態(tài)批評的方法闡釋兩家人在斗爭中最終走向和諧的過程， 反映了回歸自然融入自然，人與自然和諧相處，人與人和諧相處的生態(tài)哲思。 一百多年來，學(xué)術(shù)界對《呼嘯 山莊》從 不同角度進(jìn)行過研究。勃朗特是英國維多利亞時期一位杰出的作家，她的杰作《呼嘯山莊》被公認(rèn)為英國最杰出的小說之一。 生態(tài)批評 自誕生以來 因其強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)性而大受追捧。 這對當(dāng)今建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，建設(shè)和諧社會具有一定的啟蒙作用。 returning to nature。 as a result that God usually chastises disobeyed and evil people in wilderness. About the idea of wilderness, Greg Garrard, an ecocritic, in his book Ecocriticism, wrote: The idea of wilderness, signifying nature in a state uncontaminated by civilization, is the most potent construction of nature available to New World Environmentalism. It is a construction mobilized to protect particular habitats and species, and is seen as a place for the reinvigoration of those tired of the moral and material pollution of the city. The wilderness question is also central to ecocriticism’s challenge to the status quo of literary and cultural studies. In that it does not share the 5 predominantly social concerns of the traditional humanities. (Garrard: 59) The Green Studies Reader, Laurence Coupe pointed out: Wilderness doesn’t mean chaos。 and the angels were so angry that they flung me out, into the middle of the earth on the top of Wuthering Hei