【正文】 rom career ladders, in search of ancient wisdom:As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what wish you all very good you very ，以及想象力的重要意義在哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的講話致Faust校長，哈佛集團(tuán)以及哈佛監(jiān)事委員會的各位成員，各位教職員工，眾多自豪的家長，以及最為重要的——各位畢業(yè)生們：我想要說的第一句話是“謝謝你們”。那天致詞的是著名的英國哲學(xué)家 Baroness Mary Warnock。能夠達(dá)成的目標(biāo)是自我改善的第一步。另外，在你們正要一腳踏入所謂“真實的生活”的時候，我還要高聲贊頌想象力的重大意義。我自己認(rèn)定今生唯一想做的事情就是寫小說。于是，沒等父母的車?yán)@過路盡頭的拐角從視野里消失，我就丟下了德語，轉(zhuǎn)而沿著古典文學(xué)的道路快步走下去。你不能總是責(zé)怪父母指錯了方向；當(dāng)你長大成人、可以獨立掌舵的時候，這份責(zé)任就應(yīng)該由你獨立承擔(dān)了。憑借自己的力量掙脫貧困境地，這的確是值得自豪的事情，但是只有愚蠢的人才會一廂情愿的為貧窮本身涂抹浪漫的色彩。我不會笨到認(rèn)為你們這些年輕、有天賦、受過良好教育的孩子就從來不知道困難和心碎的滋味。事實上，你們心目中的失敗很可能與普通人設(shè)想的成功相差無幾，畢竟你們在學(xué)業(yè)上的成功已經(jīng)高到遙不可及。一個單身母親，淪落到當(dāng)代英國最為貧困的境地，只不過還沒到無家可歸的程度而已。那個時候我的人生被黑暗籠罩，根本想不到在未來的時光里這段經(jīng)歷竟會被報道為神話般的堅定意志。如果我此前在其它的任何什么方面有所成功，我恐怕都會失去在自己真正歸屬的舞臺上獲得成功的決心。你也許可以毫無失敗的度過一生，但你將活得如此小心翼翼，就好像你幾乎沒有活過——不管從什么意義上講，你都注定要失敗的。你在挫折中成長，更聰明，更強(qiáng)壯，這意味著從此以后你已擁有了牢不可催的生存能力。你的資格證書或你的簡歷，并不是你的生活；盡管你將遇到很多我這樣年紀(jì)、甚至比我更老的人，他們卻還分不清楚兩者間的區(qū)別。我固然到死也會捍衛(wèi)睡前故事的價值，但我還認(rèn)識到要在更為廣闊的范圍內(nèi)珍視想象力。我在最早的全日制工作中獲得了啟示。我看到那些無聲無息地失蹤了的人的照片，是由他們的絕望的親人和朋友寄到特赦組織來的。他們被迫離開家庭或流亡國外，因為他們有勇氣以獨立意志評判他們的政府。對著攝影機(jī)講述自己遭受的痛苦的時候，他無法抑制的戰(zhàn)栗著。其中包含的痛苦和恐懼是如此強(qiáng)烈，我以后再沒聽過那樣的聲音。每天我都看見更多的人類的邪惡加諸于同胞的證據(jù)，這樣的罪惡僅僅是為了獲得或者維持權(quán)力。人類的同情心的力量引導(dǎo)了集體行動，拯救生命，釋放被關(guān)押的人們。就算沒有親身經(jīng)歷，人類也可以學(xué)習(xí)和理解。還有很多人寧愿不去使用他們的想象力。選擇生活在狹窄的范圍里，會導(dǎo)致某種精神上的對于陌生環(huán)境的恐懼癥，并由此產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的害怕心理。就算我們自己沒有親自作出邪惡的事情，我們對于邪惡的無動于衷就等同于和它同謀。但是，哈佛大學(xué)2008屆的畢業(yè)生們，你們又將對他人的生活深入多少呢？你們的智慧、你們應(yīng)對高難度工作的才能、你們謀求并接受到的教育，都賦予你們獨一無二的身份，以及獨一無二的責(zé)任。那就是你們的特權(quán)，也是你們背負(fù)的重任。我們在內(nèi)心深處已經(jīng)擁有了所需的所有力量：我們擁有想象更好的世界的力量。他們是我的孩子們的教父和教母。因此，今天，我能夠送給你們的最好的祝福，就是這樣的友誼。他說：人生就像故事，不在于漫長，而在于精彩。s Commencement Address, 力的重要性“The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and theImportance of Imagination,” at the Annual The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and theMeeting of the Harvard Alumni Association on Importance of Imagination Harvard University Commencement Address June 5th this powerful, moving, yet alsofunny speech Jo talks about her time working for Amnesty International, her personal experiences Tercentenary Theatre, June 5, 2008 失敗的好處和想象力的重要性 with failure and the power of the imagination to 哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮 allow us to empathize with 2008年6月5日President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers，members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates，福斯特主席，哈佛公司和監(jiān)察委員會的各位成員，各位老師、家長、全體畢業(yè)生們：The first thing I would like to say is “thank you.” Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I’ve endured at the thought of giving this mencement address have made me lose winwin situation!Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the world’s largest Gryffindors39。現(xiàn)在我要做的就是深呼吸幾下，瞇著眼睛看看前面的大紅橫幅，安慰自己正在世界上最大的魔法學(xué)院聚會上。那天做演講的是英國著名的哲學(xué)家Baroness Mary Warnock，對她演講的回憶，對我寫今天的演講稿，產(chǎn)生了極大的幫助，因為我不記得她說過的任何一句話了。 joke, I39。我問自己什么是我希望早在畢業(yè)典禮上就該了解的，而從那時起到現(xiàn)在的21年間，我又得到了什么重要的啟示。在這美好的一天，當(dāng)我們一起慶祝你們?nèi)〉脤W(xué)業(yè)成就的時刻，我希望告訴你們失敗有什么樣的益處；在你們即將邁向“現(xiàn)實生活”的道路之際，我還要褒揚想象力的重要性。I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write , my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imaginationThe Benefits of JK Rowling at Harvard 2 was an amusing personal quirk that could never pay a mortgage, or secure a ，自己唯一想做的事情，就是寫小說。 car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics ，而我想去攻讀英國文學(xué)。they might well have found out for the first time on graduation all the subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive ，他們可能是在我畢業(yè)典禮那一天才發(fā)現(xiàn)的。it means a thousand petty humiliations and out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by ：我不會因為父母的觀點，而責(zé)怪他們。他們一直很貧窮，我后來也一度很窮，所以我很理解他們。At your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university, where I had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, I had a knack for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my ，明顯缺乏在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的動力，我花了太久時間在咖啡吧寫故事，而在課堂的時間卻很少。However, the fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you are not very wellacquainted with might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for , your conception of failure might not be too far from the average person39。Ultimately, we all have to decide for ourselves what constitutes failure, but the world is quite eager to give you a set of criteria if you let I think it fair to say that by any conventional measure, a mere seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic exceptionally shortlived marriage had imploded, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being fears my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself, had both e to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I ，我們所有人都必須自己決定什么算作失敗，但如果你愿意，世界是相當(dāng)渴望給你一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。按照慣常的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，我也是我所知道的最失敗的人。So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only workthat mattered to I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly was set free, because my greatest fear had already been realised, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my ？因為失敗意味著剝離掉那些不必要的東西。所以困境的谷底，成為我重建生活的堅實基礎(chǔ)。K她幾乎沒有談到哈里波特，而是說了年輕時的一些經(jīng)歷。她主要談的是，自己從這段經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的東西。二、她首先說了自己如何構(gòu)思演講稿，以及選擇的兩個演講主題。s largest Gryffindor ，就是“謝謝”。or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own mencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary on her speech has helped me enormously in writing th