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【正文】 alry O M Ref: TN/SM/STRMKTOL/rc Buyers Suppliers Treat of new entrants Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of suppliers Threat of substitutes Industry petitors Substitutes New entrants Intensify of Rivalry Entry Barriers Economics of scale Proprietary product differences Brand identity Switching costs Capital requirements Access to distribution Absolute cost advantages proprietary learning curve access to necessary inputs proprietary lowcost production design Government policy Expected retaliation Rivalry Determinants Industry growth Fixed (or storage) costs / value added Intermittent overcapacity Product differences Brand identity Switching costs Concentration and balance Informational plexity Diversity of petitors Corporate stakes Exit barriers Entry Barriers Differentiation of inputs Switching costs of suppliers and firms in the industry Presence of substitute inputs Supplier concentration Importance of volume to supplier Cost relative to total purchases in the industry Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation Threat of forward integraion relative to threat of backward integration by firms in the industry Bargain leverage Buyer concentration versus firm concentration Buyer volume Buyer switching costs relative to firm switching costs Buyer information Ability to backward integrate Substitute products Pullthrough Price sensitivity Price/total purchases Product differences Brand identity Impact on quality/ performance Buyer profits Decision makers’ incentives Determinants of Buyer Power O M Ref: TN/SM/STRMKTOL/rc 12 競爭對(duì)手無法趕上的競爭優(yōu)勢(shì) 這個(gè)工具幫助我們思考目前的狀況，明天的狀況，和未來的狀況。 Definition: experiencing something totally unsettling that you can’ t predict. 了解 “ 亂流度 ” 能幫助我們推知產(chǎn)業(yè)或消費(fèi)者，為何產(chǎn)生某種反應(yīng)，以及如何幫助他們處在比較 舒適 的亂流 度中。 , March 5, 2023 雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。 :43:5304:43:53March 5, 2023 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。 上午 4時(shí) 43分 53秒 上午 4時(shí) 43分 04:43: 沒有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。 04:43:5304:43:5304:43Sunday, March 5, 2023 1不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。 2023年 3月 5日星期日 4時(shí) 43分 53秒 04:43:535 March 2023 1空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋。 :43:5304:43Mar235Mar23 1越是無能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯(cuò)兒。 2023年 3月 5日星期日 上午 4時(shí) 43分 53秒 04:43: 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過于提升自我
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