【正文】 THEREOF 34. 19990225 WO9909173 TOLERANCE OF TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS THROUGH THE MODIFICATION OF THE RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L3 GENE 35. 19980520 Geic engineering synthesis method of horseshoe crab extract as CN1182135 antifungus polypeptide 36. 19900326 JP2085204 METHOD FOR INCREASING INSECT TOXIN EFFECT 37. 20200730 MXPA02020625 USE OF THE MAIZE X112 MUTANT AHAS 2 GENE AND IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES FOR SELECTION OF TRANSGENIC MONOCOTS, MAIZE, RICE AND WHEAT PLANTS RESISTANT TO THE IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES 38. 20200904 US2020207538 USE OF THE MAIZE X112 MUTANT AHAS 2 GENE AND IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES FOR SELECTION OF TRANSGENIC MONOCOTS, MAIZE, RICE AND WHEAT PLANTS RESISTANT TO THE IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES 39. 20200418 KR20200030139 PROMOTER FOR TRANSFORMATION OF MONOCOT PLANTS 40. 19920818 US5139954 DNA promoter fragments from wheat 41. 19891115 EP0335528 DNA promoter fragments from wheat 42. 19941021 JP6292480 PLANT RESISTANT TO PHOTOINHIBITION AND ITS PRODUCTION 表 10 國(guó)際上涉及小麥品質(zhì)、氮磷養(yǎng)分和光能利用效率轉(zhuǎn)基因育種和基因克隆的有關(guān)專利 序號(hào) 專利號(hào) 專利名稱 1 7122727 NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES FROM WHEAT ENCODING AN R1PROTEIN, AND TRANSGENIC PLANT CELLS AND PLANTS COMPRISING THE NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES 2 7112718 TRANSGENIC PLANTS SYNTHESIZING HIGH AMYLOSE STARCH 3 7098381 PLANT URIDINE DIPHOSPHATEGLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE GENES, PROTEINS, AND USES THEREOF 4 EP1080187 MODIFICATION OF CEREAL GRAIN HARDNESS VIA EXPRESSION OF PUROINDOLINE PROTEINS 5 6723366 USE OF PUROINDOLINE FOR PREPARING BISCUITS 6 6638552 GLUTENIN GENES AND THEIR USES 7 6596930 MODIFICATION OF CEREAL GRAIN HARDNESS VIA EXPRESSION OF PUROINDOLINE PROTEIN 8 6570008 MODIFICATION OF STARCH BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYME GENE EXPRESSION TO PRODUCE STARCHES IN GRAIN CROPS 9 6468799 GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS WITH ALTERED STARCH 10 6392120 MODIFICATION OF STARCH BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYME GENE EXPRESSION TO PRODUCE STARCHES IN GRAIN CROPS 11 6376749 STARCHES VIA MODIFICATION OF EXPRESSION OF STARCH BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYME GENES 12 6252134 TRANSFORMED WHEAT HAVING IMPROVED BREADMAKING CHARACTERISTICS 13 6174725 ALTERING WHEAT DOUGH VISCOELASTICITY WITH MODIFIED GLUTENIN 14 5985351 GLUTENIN GENES AND THEIR USES 15 5973225 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A GENE ENCODING A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT GLUTENIN 16 5914450 GLUTENIN GENES AND THEIR USES 17 5650558 GLUTENIN GENES AND THEIR USES 18 RE39114 EXPRESSION OF SUCROSE PHOSPHORYLASE IN PLANTS 19 7041484 STARCH BRANCHING ENZYMES 20 7001771 GENES ENCODING WHEAT STARCH SYNTHASES AND USES THEREOF 21 6951969 NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES WHICH CODE FOR ENZYMES DERIVED FROM WHEAT AND WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF STARCH 22 6897358 NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES ENCODING WHEAT ENZYMES INVOLVED IN STARCH SYNTHESIS 23 6890732 NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES WHICH CODE FOR ENZYMES DERIVED FROM WHEAT AND WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF STARCH 24 6734339 NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES ENCODING ENZYMES FROM WHEAT WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN STARCH SYNTHESIS 25 6730825 ISOFORMS OF STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEIIA AND SBEIIB) FROM WHEAT 26 6307125 NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES ENCODING ENZYMES FROM WHEAT WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN STARCH SYNTHESIS 27 6600090 TRANSGENIC PLANTS EXPRESSING PUROINDOLINES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SUCH PLANTS 28 EP0927193 TRANSFORMED WHEAT HAVING IMPROVED BREADMAKING CHARACTERISTICS 29 EP0879283 GLUTENIN GENES AND THEIR USES 30 EP1080187 MODIFICATION OF CEREAL GRAIN HARDNESS VIA EXPRESSION OF PUROINDOLINE PROTEINS 31 6864405 TRANSGENIC PLANTS THAT EXHIBIT ENHANCED NITROGEN ASSIMILATION 32 6329573 PLANTS CONTAINING THE GDHA GENE AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF 33 6268547 TRANSFORMATION OF WHEAT WITH THE CYANAMIDE HYDRATASE GENE 34 7091400 TRANSGENIC FIBER PRODUCING PLANTS WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 35 6831217 C3 PLANTS EXPRESSING PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENZYME OF C4 PLANTS 36 EP1439232 METHOD OF ELEVATING PHOTOSYNTHESIS SPEED OF PLANT BY IMPROVING PYRUVATE PHOSPHATE DIKINASE 37 6667171 ENHANCED PRACTICAL PHOTOSYNTHETIC CO2 MITIGATION 38 EP1221846 USE OF LIPOCHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDES FOR INCREASING PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS AND CORRESPONDING METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS 39 6175060 PHOSPHATEDEFICIENCY INDUCIBLE PROMOTER 40 6320201 ENHANCING INORGANIC CARBON FIXATION BY PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS 41 EP1036842 USE OF CYANOBACTERIAL FRUCTOSE1,6BISPHOSPHATASE TO IMPROVE GROWTH OF PLANTS 42 6096545 PHOSPHATE STARVATIONINDUCIBLE PROTEINS 43 5977435 PLANT PHOSPHATASES 44 5922564 PHOSPHATEDEFICIENCY INDUCIBLE PROMOTER 45 EP0917564 PHOSPHATE STARVATIONINDUCIBLE PROTEINS 二、國(guó)內(nèi) 研發(fā)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 重要功能基因研究 抗逆相關(guān)基因克隆： 中國(guó)農(nóng)科院從小麥 中克隆了 4 個(gè) ERF 基因，其中 TaERF1和 TaEBP 基因提高了轉(zhuǎn)基因擬南芥和煙草的抗旱性和耐鹽性，目前已獲得了 T4 代轉(zhuǎn)基因小麥植株，初步試驗(yàn)證明， TaEBP 的超表達(dá)提高了轉(zhuǎn)基因小麥的抗旱性和對(duì)白粉病的抗性；克隆了 5 個(gè) DREB 類轉(zhuǎn)錄因子，功能鑒定結(jié)果表明，這些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的過(guò)表達(dá)可以提高植物的抗旱和耐鹽、耐低溫能力；克隆了小麥蛋白磷酸酶2A 基因 TaPP2Aa、 TaPP2Ac， 2 個(gè) Na+/H+逆向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白 基因，亞細(xì)胞定位證明這兩個(gè)基因編碼的蛋白為液胞 逆向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白； 克隆了 8 個(gè) MAPK 基因和 2 個(gè) CDPK 基因 等與小麥耐旱 密切相關(guān)的功能基因和調(diào)控基因 。初步分析結(jié)果顯示，轉(zhuǎn)基因植株對(duì) 干旱、低溫及高鹽脅迫的抗性有顯著的提高。如我國(guó)科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)小麥高分子量麥谷蛋白亞基基因 1Bx14 可以在不影響面筋強(qiáng)度的前提下顯著改善面團(tuán)的延展性。 表 13 我國(guó)克隆的 調(diào)控小麥品質(zhì)、氮磷養(yǎng)分利用和光能利用效率的基因 性狀 基因符號(hào) （名稱） 主要功能 文獻(xiàn) 籽粒加工品質(zhì) 1Bx14 面筋品質(zhì) Li et al., 2020 1Ax11 面筋品質(zhì) 李義文，賈旭，王道文等（待發(fā)表） 1Dx21 面筋品質(zhì) 李義文，賈旭，王道文等（待發(fā)表） 1Dy121 面筋 品質(zhì) 李義文，賈旭，王道文等（待發(fā)表） 1Ux1 面筋品質(zhì) Liu et al., 2020 1Slx154 面筋品質(zhì) 王道文等（待發(fā)表） 1Sly154 面筋品質(zhì) 王道文等（待發(fā)表） 1Bx6 面筋品質(zhì) 張愛(ài)民等（待發(fā)表） 1By13 面筋品質(zhì) 張愛(ài)民等（待發(fā)表） 面筋品質(zhì) Wan et al., 2020 * 面筋品質(zhì) Wan et al., 2020 1Ssx49077 面筋品質(zhì) Sun et al., 2020 HMWGSII2a 面 筋品質(zhì) Feng et al., 2020 面筋品質(zhì) Zhang et al., 2020 t 面筋品質(zhì) Zhang et al., 2020 XYGluD3LMWGS1 面筋品質(zhì) Xu et al., 2020 1Aix1 面筋品質(zhì) 張相岐等（待發(fā)表） 1Bsy2 面筋品質(zhì) 張相岐等（待發(fā)表） LAi1 面筋品質(zhì) 徐虹 等 , 2020 LAi2 面筋品質(zhì) 徐虹 等 , 2020 LAi3 面筋品質(zhì) 徐虹 等 , 2020 LAi4 面筋品質(zhì) 徐 虹 等 , 2020 1St1 面筋品質(zhì) 張相岐等（待發(fā)表） 1St2 面筋