【正文】 KM2 線圈不吸合，搖臂升降電動(dòng)機(jī)M2 不運(yùn)行； （如液壓泵卡死、不轉(zhuǎn)、油路堵塞等），使搖臂不能完全松開，壓不到 SQ2；，由于相序接反，按 SB3 搖臂上升按鈕，電動(dòng)機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)，使搖臂夾緊，壓不到SQ2，搖臂也就不能上升或下降。 17 故障現(xiàn)象 分析原因 處理方法 立柱、主軸箱不能夾緊（或松開） KM4或 KM5不吸合； KM4 或 KM5 不吸合。 主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)剛起動(dòng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，熔斷器就熔斷 ； 。在西門子 S7200 系列 PLC 中又有 CPU 221， CPU 222， CPU 226， CPU 226XM等之分。 （ 4） 14 個(gè)數(shù)字量輸入，有 4 個(gè)可用做硬件中斷， 10 個(gè)用于高速功能。 （ 8）模擬量輸入 /輸出，最多可以擴(kuò)展成 28 個(gè)模擬量輸入與 7 個(gè)模擬量輸出，或者是 14 個(gè)模擬量輸出。分辨率為 10ms 的有 16 個(gè)，其定時(shí)范圍為 10ms～ 5min。 （ 15） 1 個(gè) RS485 通信接口。根據(jù)此系統(tǒng)的控制要求和資源需求，采用 EM223 模塊中的 4 點(diǎn)輸出模塊。 I/O 地址分配及接線圖 在控制系統(tǒng)中，所需要的輸入量基本上都屬于數(shù)字量，主要包括各種控制按鈕 、繼電器和各種限位開關(guān)共有 13 個(gè)數(shù)字輸入量；主要輸出控制的設(shè)備有各種接觸器，電動(dòng)機(jī)等，共有 9 個(gè)輸出點(diǎn)，其具體分配如 表 32I/O 分配表 所示。 ，如圖 3— 1 其中接觸器、電磁鐵及指示燈的電源仍采用原有的380V/127V隔離變壓器供電， 36V安全電壓局部照明不改動(dòng)。 在此系統(tǒng)中共用了 5 個(gè)限位開關(guān)，其主要作用是用來控制設(shè)備在運(yùn)行過程中的停止時(shí)刻和位置。 23 第 4 章 Z3040 搖臂鉆床的軟件設(shè)計(jì) Z3040 搖臂采用的是西門子 S7200 系列可編程控制器設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)的 STEP 7Micro/WIN32,它功能強(qiáng)大，即 可以作為用戶開發(fā)控制程序使用，同時(shí)也可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控用戶程序執(zhí)行的狀態(tài)。 根據(jù) Z3040 搖臂鉆床的電氣控制要求，其動(dòng)作順序流程圖如下： 24 初始化 啟動(dòng) M1 啟動(dòng) M3 反轉(zhuǎn) 立柱 /主軸箱松開 M3 停轉(zhuǎn) M2 反轉(zhuǎn) 搖臂下降 M2 停轉(zhuǎn) 搖臂停止下降 M3 正轉(zhuǎn) 立柱 /主軸箱夾緊 M3 反轉(zhuǎn) 立柱 /主軸箱松開 M3 停轉(zhuǎn) M2 正轉(zhuǎn) 搖臂上升 M2 停轉(zhuǎn) 搖臂停止上升 M3 正轉(zhuǎn) 立柱 /主軸箱夾緊 M1 停轉(zhuǎn) 結(jié)束 檢測(cè)是否過載 檢測(cè)是否過載，無，按下 SB4 壓下限位開關(guān) SQ2 到位開關(guān) SQ1 延時(shí) 1～ 3S 工作完成，按 SB3 壓下限位開關(guān) SQ2 到位開關(guān) SQ1 延時(shí) 1～ 3S 夾緊開關(guān) SQ3 25 梯形圖設(shè)計(jì) 在設(shè)計(jì)程序過程中，會(huì)使用定時(shí)器、中間繼電器等軟元件，為了便于編程及修改，在程序編寫前應(yīng)先列出可能用到的軟元件，如表 42 所示。 （ 1）選擇 PLC機(jī)型時(shí)，要留有一定的裕量，為日后系統(tǒng)的修改及工藝的變更提供方便。電路中 3 個(gè)時(shí)間繼電器的延時(shí)時(shí)間各不相同，分別為斷電延時(shí)閉合型、為斷電延時(shí)斷開型、通電延時(shí)閉合型。 安裝調(diào)試方面的問題 雖然 PLC的抗干擾能力較強(qiáng)，但是，為了保證控制過程的可靠性，仍然需要采取一定的抗干擾措施，主要有以下幾項(xiàng)措施。 （ 3） PLC布線要盡量遠(yuǎn)離 高壓和高頻等設(shè)備。 30 小 結(jié) 這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)我在畢業(yè)之前的最后一次綜合性的考核 ,它全面考察了自己三年來各學(xué)科知識(shí)間的綜合應(yīng)用 ,是對(duì)自己的一次綜合能力的全方 面檢閱。當(dāng)然，通過這次設(shè)計(jì)我也對(duì) PLC 基本設(shè)計(jì) 有了更深的了解。s first mechanical development of one of the countries. In ancient China there are many aspects of mechanical invention, the driving force in the use of mechanical and structural design has its own characteristics. Many of the mechanical design and special applications such as vehicle guidance and the earth was moving in the instrument and incense burner, and so on, are unique. 5000 BC, the Chinese appear primitive tools of arable land Lei Si. This is the first in the history of China National Machinery and mechanical. Over time, ancient Chinese metalworking techniques to start germination, then gradually mature and skilled. Shang and Zhou dynasties, such as the simple bronze forceful, fine bronze of the Spring and Autumn Period sophisticated form of ancient Chinese bronzes unique style. Have been found in the earliest Chinese bronzes, such as Gansu Dongxiang Majiayao unearthed copper knives, had lapsed since 4800 About history. China has about 40 to 50 million years ago, has emerged processing crude scrapers, choppers and three sharp prismlike device, such as primitive tools. 4 to 5 million years ago, grinding technology, a number of stone tools have been relatively smooth, also a sharp edge, as well as singleblade, doubleedged, convex edge, concave edge and a round of subedge. China 28,000 years ago in the bow and arrow, this is the first of the mechanical aspects of an invention。 canoe and raft, and other water transport has long been emerging one after another. The late Neolithic Age, people have been able to Dan Fan Fan and mud casting of simple tools and weapons. Business Yin period, with the development of handicraft production and technical level, forming a brilliant bronze culture. Bronze metallurgy technology is highly developed, and bronze casting SECRETARY mother FANG Ding E, weighing 875 kg, bronze castings of the Spring and Autumn Period Cenghou Yi Pan statue has been very fine. WEI Han to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC265 AD) is the ancient Chinese machinery to start a period of rapid development. Spring and Autumn Period and pig iron metallurgy technology began to emerge。 the midWestern Han Dynasty have been a gray cast iron smelting, and there have been 3 to 5 mm in wall thickness of the thinwalled cast iron pieces. Cast iron 33 heat treatment technology development. Spring and Autumn Period crossbows appear to control the fire Nuji has a more ingenious mechanical devices. To the Han Dynasty, Nuji processing accuracy and surface finish has reached a very high level. Han crossbow with a ten stone to stone, and so on eight standards, these specifications indicate that the formation of machine building standards in the Han Dynasty have been initially established. Nuji to conduct their left, the blacksmith, mill workers, and other names. The spread of the Warring States period, Kao Gong Ji is the earliest existing crafts monographs, which have wheels in mind the manufacturing process. The stretch of the bow, arrows and speed of flight, have made the stability of the indepth exploration. Han has been a large number of various types of ships and three or four layers of the cabin floor boat. Some ships have been equipped with a rudder stern and efficient tool to promote the anizations. When was the Western Han Dynasty incense burner in the delicate structure, no matter how the ball rolling incense burner, the center of the hemisphere of the furnace can keep the state level. The next is to drive traffic and machinery, in 1980 unearthed the tomb of the First Qin Emperor Tong Juma on behalf of the casting technology of that time, metal processing and assembly processes. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, there have been recorded drum cars and car guide. Hutchison, a car slowed drum gear system, through the subdrum sound of the bracelet reported to the mileage. Ma Jun of the three countries created guidelines addition to the car with gear drive, there are automatic onoff device, technically and recorded wins in a drum car financing. The invention of automatic onoff device on gear transmission system has been developed to a considerable