新概念第一冊(cè)主要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 s bee a teacher. She has broken my heart.★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，例：Have you lost your pen?★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.例： I have notlost my pen.★肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I have. No, I have not.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：例：What have you done? What has he done?注意：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用錯(cuò)：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. Ihave been away from being for 3 days.5.表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)： ★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首例：Had she finished her homework?★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not例：She hadn’t finished her homework.★肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：例：What had she done?7.結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事★結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+going to +動(dòng)詞原型例：I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase tohis daughter.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首例：Are you going to make a bookcase? Are they going to paint it? Is the father going to give the bookcase tohis daughter?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not例：I am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give thebookcase to his daughter.★肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not.★特殊疑問(wèn)句例：What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?2. There be 例：Are you a teacher? Which:表示哪一個(gè)（在一定范圍內(nèi)特指一樣?xùn)|西或一個(gè)人）①當(dāng)作為疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)，which通常單獨(dú)使用例：Which is your favorite cup? =I e from China.注意：回答用“國(guó)家” 選擇疑問(wèn)句關(guān)鍵詞：or例“Do you want beef or lamb?4.否定疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句+否定詞例：Aren’t you lucky? 通常情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句(此時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞都解釋為“一些”)例： I want some milk. She has much money.注：在口語(yǔ)中表示“很多”一般不用many, much, 不能用a, an修飾② 和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配注：不可數(shù)名詞表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，用量詞修飾。 a bar of chocolatetwo bars of chocolate 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves例：life→liveshalf→halvesshelf→shelvescity→citieswife→wives⑤以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾, Frenchman→FrenchmenItalian→Italians（六）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠）, must（必須）, may（可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型例：He can make the tea. Sally may air the room. We must speak English.★變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首例：Can he make the tea? May I open the door? Must we speak English?★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not例：He cannot make the tea. Sally maynot air the room. You mustn39。 2．Must/have to的區(qū)別①must表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)may/might do, may/might have done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。 Do you need any beer? No, Idon’t. 結(jié)構(gòu)：How + ：①一般沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際上是省略了主語(yǔ)“You” ②句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，用降調(diào)朗讀。 起立?、贐e型（以be開(kāi)頭）例：Be quiet t＋動(dòng)詞原形例：Don39。 t be late． 不要遲到。 m a student. So is he. m not a teacher. Neither is she.我不是一名老師，她也（不）是。 ★so/neither + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)例：I can swim. So can he.我會(huì)游泳，他也會(huì)。 我不會(huì)飛，她也不會(huì)。 他昨天去上學(xué)了，我也是。 She has read for 3 hours. So have I. 2. too、either的用法相同：都解釋為“也”，放在句尾。 t fly. 12
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