【正文】 nciple for a translator to follow, that is, the translated text should strictly stick by the source text. Da, expressiveness in English, or lucidity in a more formal way, points out that the style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. Ya, widely accepted as elegancy in English, emphasize rhetoric, which is a kind of aesthetic pursuit to translators during translation practices.History has proved that, the famous translation criteria of “Xin, Da, Ya” supposed by Yan Fu always act as a guide to our country’s translation practices. Still today, the tripartite standard is regarded as a golden rule to many translators and scholars in their translation activities. Hence, it is believed that “Xin, Da, Ya” is a kind of incisive translation criteria. Specific criteria for contractual translationBase on the above threecharacter translation criteria, it is necessary, bining the linguistic features and format requirement of IBC, to put forward two specific criteria for contractual translation.The first criterion that should be stuck to in translating contract is Faithfulness and Accuracy, whose substandards are (1) precision of wording。In this sentence, “hereto” means “to this” which translated into “本協(xié)議的”。受受票人委托付款的銀行的責(zé)任限于按照匯票上記載的事項(xiàng)從受票人賬戶支付匯票金額。該信用證在中國(guó)的議付有效期至裝船后的第15天。 it will make one party prehend distortedly. Syntactic levelSyntax, as a main branch of linguistics, refers to the study of sentence structure and grammatical relations between words and other units within a sentence(胡壯麟 2001:19). IBC are characterized by syntactic plexity and flexibility. At this level, based on the stylistic differences in English and Chinese, it will discuss the sentence elements and types of the EC translation of IBC. Readjustment of sentence elementsThere exist great differences in sentence structures and expressions between English and Chinese. Therefore, in order to achieve expressiveness and smoothness in translation, it is necessary as well as a mon approach to transform some English sentence element to some Chinese one in EC contractual translation. The readjustments of sentence elements are broken down into three types in terms of the parts of speech. Adjusting the subject The subject in original text of IBC is a verboriented noun and in the form of passive voice, it is often adjusted as a predicate in Chinese rendition. Also, passive voice should be changed to active voice. Look at the following example:Original 1: Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order。Original 2: Whereas party B is in the real estate business, and the two partied are in consideration of the mutual convenances and agree to enter into this contract under the terms and conditions set forth as follows:Target: 鑒于乙方經(jīng)營(yíng)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)，雙方考慮相互的慣例，同意按下列條款簽訂本合同： Translation of the verbal group in the form of “Shall+V.”It is concluded that the verbal groups are mainly in the form of “shall+V.” in IBC. “Shall” is one of the words that enjoy the highest frequency in IBC as well as a strict term in legal documents. In IBC, “shall” is not adopted as a sign of future tense or not affected by individual. It is employed to figure responsibility or obligations for both contracting parties. Hence, the precise translation of this legal term will promote the rendition fulfill the interpersonal function that is regulating the conduct of the contraction parties. Likewise, in Chinese drafting practice of contract documents, drafters often use the modal auxiliary “應(yīng)該”, “應(yīng)當(dāng)”, and “必須” to denote legal obligation. Obviously, “shall” should be translated into the above Chinese modal auxiliary correspondingly. For instance,Original 1: The seller shall ship the goods within the shipment time from the port of shipment to the port of destination. Transshipment is not allowed. The contracted goods shall not be carried by a vessel flying the flag of the country which the buyer cannot accept.Target: 賣(mài)方在裝運(yùn)時(shí)間內(nèi)應(yīng)將貨物從貨運(yùn)港運(yùn)至目的港，不得轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。 Translation of passive sentencesThere are two voices in Englishactive and passive. Active voice is direct, concise and forceful. Compared to active voice, passive voice may leave uncertain who the doer is. Even when the doer is known, passive voice tends to deemphasize it (陳忠誠(chéng) 1992:3132). Passive voice is therefore used in IBC when the doer is not necessary to be known or the receiver of an action needs to be emphasized or for the sake of coherence in writing.Because there is less frequent application of passive voice in Chinese than in English, in EC translation passive sentences are often transformed into active sentences. The following are three specific ways of translating passive sentences in IBC. (1) Parallelism between passive structures and active one. That means the translated word orders of passive clauses or sentences are not altered or adjusted, just as are the positions of the subjects in original texts.Original 1: The seller shall be entitled to terminate this contract in the event of failure by the buyer to ply with any terms or conditions stated in this article.Target: 如果買(mǎi)方違反本條所規(guī)定的條件，賣(mài)方有權(quán)終止此合同。(2) “Provided(that)” conditional clauseThis kind of conditional clause can be generalized to condition of prerequisite, which indicates the specific precondition under which each contracting party may carry out some activity.Original 3: In such cases, the buyer shall, if so requested, send a sample of the goods in question to the sellers provided that the sampling is feasible.Target: 在此情況下，若賣(mài)方要求且客觀條件允許進(jìn)行采樣，買(mǎi)方須將有爭(zhēng)議的貨物的采樣郵寄給賣(mài)方。 Requirements for translators of IBCTranslation of IBC is quite different from that of literary works or other varieties. As for literary works, translators have to cope with the problem of how to translate the source text elegantly and vividly. While IBC belong to the frozen style, which require strictness and carefulness instead of elegance and vividness should be adopted for the purpose of pr