【正文】 should do so. (形容詞 natural, should+動(dòng)詞原形do) is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible．這些申請表應(yīng)盡早地寄回，這是很重要的。t think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience．湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 第三節(jié)：虛擬語氣用在表語從句或同位語從句中 當(dāng)某些表示 建議、請求、命令 等主觀意向的名詞 作主語 時(shí)，其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為 should ＋動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形 。 一、 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的分類及虛擬條件句的判斷 可以把條件句分為兩類： 1).真實(shí)條件句 （ Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假設(shè)的情況發(fā)生性可能很大，就是真實(shí)條件句。ll go fishing together.(如果有時(shí)間的話，我adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C們就一起去釣魚。 ⑴ 、 If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的話，我們就會(huì)留在家里。 判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反。 “后退一步法 ” 后退一步法是指在準(zhǔn)確地判斷了該句與哪一事實(shí)相反后，按虛擬語氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。 adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C③ 與 將來 事實(shí)可能相反，在從句中用過去將來時(shí)形式表示。 ② 在現(xiàn)代英語中 if條件狀與從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞 ， 如果是 be 其過去形式一般用 were。（事實(shí)上我不是你） time permitted, I would write it again. 如果時(shí)間允許的話，我再寫一遍。（而事實(shí)上得到了你們的幫助） we had the manpower, we could open up even more land. 如果有人力 ,我們還能開更多的荒地 . 10. If I were you, I would go with him. (從句 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.) 11. If I were you, I should buy it. (從句用過去式動(dòng)詞 were，主句用動(dòng)詞原形 buy) 12. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有時(shí)間，我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)法文。（事實(shí)上你沒有聽我的勸告） ⑵ 、 I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five 五年，就不可能寫出這樣好的小說。（事實(shí)上他違法了） ⑹ 、 If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have e to adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C天要是不生病，我是可能來上學(xué)的。t have failed in the exam.(從句動(dòng)詞用 had taken, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have failed)如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會(huì)在考試中失敗了。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為： adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C從句： If + 主語 + should (或 were) + 動(dòng)詞原形 +…… 主句： 主語 + would (could, should, might) + 動(dòng)詞原形 +…… 例如： ⑴ 、 If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another wa，我會(huì)用另外一種方法的。（根據(jù)天氣情況，明天不可能下雨） ⑸ 、 If he should e, I could ask him for some 了，我就能夠向他請教 。 ⑼ 、 If he were here, I would give him the books.(從句動(dòng)詞用 were, 主句動(dòng)詞用 give)如果他在這兒，我可能會(huì)把書給他。t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。（從句說明 過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。 (條件暗含在不定式短語 to do it this way 中 ) (3) 、 This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disasadership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4Cter. 同樣的事，如發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)釀成大禍。 (暗含條件是 alone) 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。 (可能暗含 if you should accept it) (10) 、 I would appreciate a little of your time. 謝謝你給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間吧。 (13) 、 I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會(huì)想到的。 7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。 ⑶ 、 Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of mo，他就會(huì)得到一些錢。 ) Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. ⑵ 、 Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是對還是錯(cuò)，我都會(huì)支持她的。 otherwise we would have telephoned him. ⑵ 、 Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much. ⑶ 、 But for your help, I would not have succeeded. 六、有時(shí)虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個(gè)： 1. I could help you. (只有主句） 2. If I had time. (只有從句） 3. She should have e to the meeting. (只有主句 ) 4. If he had much more money. (只有從句 ) 第二節(jié)：其他形式的條件句中的虛擬語氣 一、用 “without/but for/in the absence of ”表示 “要不是 ”， “如果沒有 ”（相當(dāng)于 if it were not for… ）表示條件虛擬句時(shí)，句中 一般用虛擬語氣。 二、由 “providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句， 根據(jù)情況，可用虛擬語氣。 (3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman．艾倫談起羅馬來好像他是個(gè)羅馬人一樣。 如： (1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time. A. hasn39。t watered 那棵樹看上去好象很久沒人給澆水了。 例如： ⑴ 、 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。 1).He worked very hard。 (1).It39。s about time we went home？現(xiàn)在已經(jīng) 5 點(diǎn)鐘了，你不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該回家了嗎？ (2).It is about time you were in bed. (3).It is high time we left. (4).It is the first time I came here. 注 ： 在 this is the first time ／ second time that．．．句型中，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣 完成時(shí)態(tài) 。 本句的全句意思是： “看我現(xiàn)在的處境多糟糕！要是我聽從你的勸告多好 ”。s natural that she (should) do so. ⑵ 、 It is essential that we (should) tell her the news. 4. 在 lest 和 for fear that( 以免 ) , in case (以防 )從句中用 should, should 可以省略 . 例如： ⑴ 、 She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C⑵ 、 Have your gun ready in case we should need it. 第七部分：虛擬語氣精選例題解析 1. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 解析：這個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)省略 if，把助動(dòng)詞提前到主語 they 之前的虛擬條件句，該條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中 by the time they were finished 表明主句也應(yīng)該是對過去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè)，因而應(yīng)該選（ B） would have lost 為正確答案。 3. If you ______ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted 解析： until recently，因此（ D）是正確答案，而主句是隱含的對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，該句是一個(gè)混合虛擬條件句。 6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 解析：句意為： “要是有一聲巨響，這些動(dòng)物會(huì)受到驚嚇，這是有現(xiàn)實(shí)可能性的。選擇（ A） . turn off I apologize if I _______ you,but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4CC. should have offended D. might have offended 解析： B. had offended 。因?yàn)?urgent 是欲望形容詞 ,在句中作形式賓語 it 的補(bǔ)足語 ,所以賓語從句中的謂語需用虛擬語氣 :(should)+動(dòng)詞原形 (主動(dòng)態(tài)或被動(dòng)態(tài) )。 1 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 解析：（ D）本道題目的前半句話是對過去情況的一種假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上并沒有發(fā)生，而事實(shí)上沒有發(fā)生的真實(shí)原因是句子的后半部分由 but 引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實(shí)。（ D）選項(xiàng)中的 might+have+過去分詞表示對過去發(fā)生的事情很不肯定的猜測，它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實(shí)，所以藉此道歉真是不知從何說起，adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C因此此處也不合題意。條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上卻與此相反，所以正確答案應(yīng)該是（ A）。 1