畢業(yè)論文-fagor80258030數(shù)控系統(tǒng)及其在ck6150數(shù)控車(chē)床上的應(yīng)用-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 30 車(chē)床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)外形結(jié)構(gòu)如圖 所示，其操作面板、 CRT顯示器和系統(tǒng)主板采用一體化集成安裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 4 圖 FAGOR 8025/8030 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)后面板布局 5 （ 1） I/O 連接器 I/O 連接器 I/O I/O2 用來(lái)向伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置提供模擬電壓給定信號(hào)，向外部獨(dú)立型 PLC 輸出輔助功能信號(hào)，接收外部 PLC 送來(lái)的同步 信號(hào)等，配置如圖 所示。 （ 3） 主軸編碼器輸入 A5 A5 為主軸編碼器輸入插座，用于主軸轉(zhuǎn)速反饋和螺紋加工，插針排列方式如 圖 （ b）所示?？删幊炭刂破魍ㄟ^(guò)輔助控制裝置完成機(jī)床相應(yīng)的開(kāi)關(guān)動(dòng)作，如刀具的更換，工件的裝夾，冷卻液的開(kāi)關(guān)，自動(dòng)潤(rùn)，滑等一些輔助動(dòng)作。具有性能優(yōu)越、操作方便、外形美觀、結(jié)構(gòu)先進(jìn)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 車(chē)床的切削運(yùn)動(dòng)包括卡盤(pán)或頂尖帶動(dòng)工件的旋轉(zhuǎn)主運(yùn)動(dòng)。主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)方向可通過(guò)離合器或電氣的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)， CK6150 車(chē)床的主軸單方向旋轉(zhuǎn)速度 有 24 種（ 10～1400r/min），反轉(zhuǎn)速度有 12種（ 14～ 1580r/min） CK6150 型數(shù)控車(chē)床控制電路工作原理 由于 CK6150型數(shù)控車(chē)床采用不含 PLC的 FAGOR 8025數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，因此需要獨(dú)立配置可編程控制器來(lái)完成輔助功能的控制。 KM1為液壓電動(dòng)機(jī) M1的起動(dòng)和停止控制接觸器。 KM8為潤(rùn)滑泵電動(dòng)機(jī) M5的啟動(dòng)和停止接觸器。 KM9為伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)器、 FAGOR 8025數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、 S720可編程控制器和直流 24V 開(kāi)關(guān)電源的電源控制接觸器。當(dāng)手動(dòng)方式點(diǎn)動(dòng)或者自動(dòng)執(zhí)行程序進(jìn)給時(shí)，如果來(lái)自 PLC 的進(jìn)給保持信號(hào)無(wú)效，則數(shù)控系統(tǒng)通過(guò)I/O1 口輸出 0～177。 其他像主軸啟 /停、換擋，換刀等輔助動(dòng)作，由 FAGOR 8025 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)通過(guò)I/O I/O2 接口將工作方式、輔助控制命令等信號(hào)送到 PLC 處理控制。液壓電動(dòng)機(jī)控制接觸器輔助觸點(diǎn) KM主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)控制接觸器輔助觸點(diǎn)KM KM3分別接至 PLC 的 ，用于連鎖控制。來(lái)自 FAGOR 8025 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的 MST選通信號(hào)、工作方式（ JOG）信號(hào)、 NC 急停信號(hào)和復(fù)位信號(hào)、輔助功能編碼（ MST01MST20）信號(hào)分別接至 PLC的 、 ，用 于輔助功能控制。 PLC的繼電器輸出 24V直流電磁閥 YV1YV4和電磁鐵 YA1YA3的通電 /斷電，從而控制卡盤(pán)的加緊 /松開(kāi)、位座的伸出 /退回、主軸高速檔 /低速檔和主軸的剎車(chē)制動(dòng)。 獨(dú)立型 PLC又稱(chēng)通用 PLC。 由于 CPU22 CPU222 數(shù)字量 I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)比較少，適合于點(diǎn)數(shù)少的控制系統(tǒng)或小點(diǎn)數(shù)的微型控制系統(tǒng)。 CK6150 數(shù)控車(chē)床 PLC 控制主程序 16 17 圖 22 CK6150數(shù)控車(chē)床 PLC 控制主程序梯形圖 2． 7 主要子程序梯形圖 2． 7． 1 液壓卡盤(pán)和液壓尾座控制子程序 液壓卡盤(pán)和液壓尾座控制，這兩種動(dòng)作的控制都是在手動(dòng) JOG()方式下進(jìn) 行的。按下點(diǎn)動(dòng)左按鈕 I0． 2，尾座伸出， Q1． 0有效，同時(shí)解除 Q1． 1，尾座伸出；放開(kāi) I0． 2后尾座伸出 Q1． 0解除， 尾座停止。潤(rùn)滑泵的啟動(dòng) /停止由定時(shí)器 T37（ 10S）、 T38（ 30min）控制，在無(wú)急停報(bào)警的情況下，每 30min潤(rùn)滑一次，每次 10S。當(dāng)執(zhí)行 M0 M30（ MB1=48）指令，或者 NC復(fù)位急停時(shí)，復(fù)位 M0． 1，主軸停止并接通制動(dòng) 電磁鐵（ Q1． 6）制動(dòng)，制動(dòng) 2S后，定時(shí)器 T41動(dòng)作，釋放制動(dòng)電磁鐵。 27 28 圖 27 數(shù)控車(chē)床急停、進(jìn)給保持控制子程序梯形圖 29 結(jié) 語(yǔ) 根據(jù)我國(guó)目前工業(yè)的自動(dòng)化程度和 PLC 在我國(guó)的的發(fā)展速度， PLC 工業(yè)應(yīng)用還有很大的發(fā)展空間。希望我的本次設(shè)計(jì)能夠?yàn)椴僮鲉T減少工作量 ，降低危險(xiǎn)，使得人機(jī)界面更加友好，為社會(huì)帶來(lái)好的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。 在這里首先要感謝我的指導(dǎo)老師鄧?yán)t。在尋找資料的時(shí)候，如果有適合我的，他們也主動(dòng)提供給我，幫我解決了很多問(wèn)題。 32 請(qǐng)刪除以下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！ The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists39。 the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, pared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure…. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable ine, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business…. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the 33 individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelt39。Italia, 536 . 238, 122 S. Ct. 2117, 153 L. Ed. 2d 280 (2022), upheld the IRS aggregate method of reporting tip ine. Instead of requiring the IRS to make individual determinations of unreported tips for each employee when calculating FICA tax, the Court held that the IRS could make employers report their gross sales on a monthly statement to help determine tip ine. Employees also must report their tip ine monthly on a form. The IRS then uses these two pieces of information to calculate what the employer needs to contribute in FICA tax.
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