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ratio of the relationship between the optimum fertilization formula. B study of different phosphorus, potassium and Evodia yield, the active ingredient content relationship. C clear Jiangxi Province Evodia cultivation soil fertility status and nutrient limiting factor. D study different management measures and Evodia production relations, Chinese herbal medicines that meet the standards of quality and high yield Evodia GAP nutrient management. 12. 研究背景及目的和意義 : 吳茱萸( Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss. )Benth. )為蕓香科植物, 落葉灌木或小喬木,以果實入藥,為我國傳統(tǒng)中藥之一。IPNI國際合作項目 “ 優(yōu)良中藥材吳茱萸高產(chǎn)平衡施肥技術(shù)研究 ”年終總結(jié)報告 IPNI international cooperation projects Excellent Chinese herbal medicine Evodia balanced fertilization technology, highyield research yearend summary report 1.項目名稱: 優(yōu)良中藥材 吳茱萸 高產(chǎn)平衡施肥技術(shù)研究 1. Project name: excellent Chinese herbal medicine Evodia yield balanced fertilization technology research 2.報告時間: 20xx 年 1 月 ~20xx 年 12 月 3.項目領(lǐng)導人及詳細地址: 2. Report Date: January 20xx ~ December 20xx 3. Project leader and full address: 郭曉敏 江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學林學院 330045 中國 江西省 南昌市 牛德奎 江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學林學院 330045 中國 江西省 南昌市 XiaoMin Guo College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330045 China Niu Dekui College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330045 China 4.項目期限: : 20xx 年 1 月 ~20xx 年 12 月 5.本報告年限: 20xx 年 1 月 ~20xx 年 12 月 6.項目總經(jīng)費: 18600 美元 7.該項目調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和分析結(jié)果及其他信息表達: 以研究論文的形式表達 8.研究工作地點: 江西省樟樹市 江西省瑞昌市林業(yè)局林場 9.研究工作地區(qū)的土壤類型 : 紅壤 10.研究試驗地類型: 企業(yè)林場 科研機構(gòu) 4. Project duration:: January 20xx ~ December 20xx 5. Report Period: January 20xx ~ December 20xx 6. Total project funding: thousand . dollars 7. The project survey data and analysis results and other information representation: To study the papers in the form of expression 8. Research Location: Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province Ruichang City, Jiangxi Province Forestry Bureau Forest Farm 9. The study area soil types: Red 10. Research trials in type: Enterprise Forest research institutes 11.項目研究內(nèi)容: A 研究不同 氮、磷、鉀配比施肥與吳茱萸產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系,得出最佳的施肥配方。 D 研究不同管理措施與吳茱萸產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系,提出 符合中草藥 GAP 標準的 優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)吳茱萸養(yǎng)分管理模式。吳茱萸含有豐富的生物堿類、檸檬苦素類、揮發(fā)油類、脂肪酸類物質(zhì),具有很高的藥用價值,在治療心血管疾病 、 抗腫瘤、抗炎方面有著十分顯著的療效。 本研究的目的是通過研究吳茱萸林地土壤養(yǎng)分的變化規(guī)律和土壤養(yǎng)分限制因子,找出吳茱萸產(chǎn)量與土壤中養(yǎng)分含量的相關(guān)性,確定合理的施肥量和施肥方法,以及施肥數(shù)量,時間,頻率等,同時,結(jié)合施肥效應和 Li6400 型便攜式光合作用測定,在研究吳茱萸光合速率及吳茱萸林平衡施肥技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,力圖找出最佳施肥配比,對吳茱萸林進行綜合營養(yǎng)管理并指導油茶施肥和養(yǎng)分管理,實現(xiàn)吳茱萸林可持續(xù)發(fā)展,以最少的投入獲得最大的經(jīng)濟效益,幫助農(nóng)民脫貧致富。 土壤含水率對水分小循環(huán) (如植物生長、溶質(zhì)運移、土壤侵蝕等 ) 和水文大循環(huán) (如區(qū)域景觀格局 )具有重要影響 。 因此, 平衡施肥 有利于吳茱萸林 提高抗旱 、蓄水 能力。 As can be seen from Figure 1, camphor Evodia plots of soil moisture content of each treatment a maximum of %, shown in N1P1K1 dealing with soil 20 ~ 40cm, the same N1P1K1 deal 0 ~ 20cm in the soil water content also showed the largest upper and lower soil moisture were higher than the control CK treatment, and the moisture content gradually increased with the deeper soil. This is due to surface evaporation, coupled with the distribution of Evodia roots are more in the upper, more porous soil, as well as the role of water infiltration through the soil caused by the gap. Therefore, the balanced fertilization is conducive to increased drought Evodia forest, water storage capacity. (2) The total soil porosity Soil is a porous body, between the soil particles, soil aggregates both between and within the porous aggregate exists. A direct impact on the situation of soil pore permeable soil aeration and root interludes, is one of the important indicators of soil fertility. Camphor Evodia woodland soil porosity of each treatment determination results in Table 1. 表 1: 各處理土壤各層總孔隙度變化情況 Table 1: The processing of soil total porosity of each layer changes (單位: %) Soil depth 處 理 Categories N1P1K0 N1P1K1 N1P1K2 N1P2K1 N1P2K2 N1P0K1 CK 0cm20cm 20cm40cm 由 表 1 看出 ,樟樹吳茱萸林地 土壤 孔隙度 最大值為 58%,表現(xiàn)在土壤 0~20cm的 N1P1K1 處理 中,整體平均值為 %,上層土壤孔隙度普遍高于下層土壤空隙度,各個施肥處理的土壤孔隙度均高于對照 CK 處理。土壤容重關(guān)系著土壤水、氣、熱的流通和儲存,以及對林木的供應是否充分和協(xié)調(diào),同時對土壤養(yǎng)分也有多方面的影響。由此可以 說明 平衡 施肥對 吳茱萸林地 土壤具有改良作用 ,利于吳茱萸生長發(fā)育均衡吸收養(yǎng)分。對照(未施肥區(qū)域)表現(xiàn)出來的地徑增長最小只達到了 2 所示, 合理施肥對吳茱萸增長具有促進作用,其中 N1P2K1處理在地徑增長方面最好,代表該施肥配方對樟樹吳茱萸樣地吳茱萸地徑增長最為有效 ,但并不代表他的產(chǎn)量是最高 。 由此可見, 合理施肥對吳茱萸增長具有促進作用,單施磷、鉀肥 不利于吳茱萸生長。樟樹吳茱萸基地三重復內(nèi)的平均單株春梢情況如圖 3. The previous year39。樟樹樣地每個處理抽發(fā)春梢數(shù)量依次 N1P1K1N1P2K1N1P1K2N1P2K2 N1P1K0 N1P0K1CK。 為進一步了解施肥處理是否對其春梢情況 有著顯著影響 , 特對 樟樹吳茱萸春梢情況 做方差分析 ,如 表 7. From Figure 3 that each of the spring shoot fertilization treatments were different levels of higher than the number of CK treatment. Camphor Evodia plot spring shoot is quite different, which processing N1P1K1 the highest, 128. Camphorlike manner for each treatment followed by the number of smokingfat spring shoot N1P1K1 N1P2K1 N1P1K2 N1P2K2 N1P1K0 N1P0K1 CK. Ruichang Evodia plots spring shoot a relatively small number is still the highest N1P1K1 deal, N1P1K0 and N1P0K1 handled spring shoot a few relatively small. The result is not difficult to see that each fertilization treatments is greater than the number of spring shoot CK control to a single applied potassium fertilization, the number of phosphate treatment of spring shoot germination were lower than other treatments. Description of fertilization on the germination of Evodia spring shoot with a very good role in promoting. To further understand whether their spring shoot of fertilization treatments had a significant impact, special pairs of camphor Evodia spring shoot situation, and so analysis of variance, as Table 7. 表 7: 樟樹 吳茱萸春梢情況方差分析表 變異來源 平方和 自由度 均 方 F 值 顯著水平 區(qū)組間 2 處理間 6 ** 誤 差 12 總變異 20 從表 7中可以 看出 區(qū)組間沒有顯著差異, 而處理間差異極顯著。說明平衡施肥最 有 利于 提高吳茱萸產(chǎn)量,單施磷、鉀肥料 不利于提高 吳茱萸單株產(chǎn)量。 樟樹吳茱萸樣地葉片葉綠度整體變化不是太大,但從各個處理數(shù)據(jù)顯示可以看出, N1P1K1 處理 SPAD 值要略高于其它處理, 其 SPAD值 為 , SPAD值 最小的為 N1P1K0處理,其 SPAD值