土木工程外文翻譯---地震帶民用建筑由磚混向框架發(fā)展的必要趨勢-建筑結(jié)構(gòu)-預(yù)覽頁
【正文】 doors shape a more free, more than 7 degrees for the large seismic structure and spatial structure. Lateral stiffness of the frame structure, the structure is flexible, lateral displacement and horizontal loads, the shear deformation curve. Through rational design, the frame structure to withstand large deformation, and can effectively absorb the seismic energy consumption, but excessive levels can cause the deformation of nonstructural ponents damaged, it should be controlled deformation in a certain range. In the earthquake, seismic deformation of the structure through the accumulation of energy (deformation energy) increases, deformation and stress is directly proportional, if the limit strength, structure will be destroyed, for the brittle masonry structure, not easily deformed to absorb the energy, intensity is small, the most easy to destroy, in turn, frames the natural cycle of seconds, but also elastic shaping, and can build up some energy, so easy to destroy. One typical example is the cover of the last century the mill in Tangshan 76 years ago, as a framework for applying the design drawings in Urumqi, 8 degree earthquake, earthquake of 11 degrees are not damaged. Another good structure is frame structure, it is the frame structure and wall bination of the two systems, drawing on their strengths, shear deformation is curved, with good lateral load resistance, with more boxes in terms of seismic shear structure, stability, housing and so on toughness than on concrete structure and frame structure, in the earthquake, housing frames and shear walls to bee two lines of defense system to increase the structural stiffness and strength is a flexible structure. 3. Framework for seismic design issues needing attention First, the earthquake seismic zone frame cast frame structure to give priority, followed by the assembly of the whole frame structural system, rarely used fabricated, either precast frame or frame should be as far as possible strong column and weak beam strong shear weak bending, extreme pressure weak pull, strong weak nodes building blocks of seismic design criteria, so that frame is a reasonable mechanism for earthquake damage lateral beam hinge mechanism to regulate the objectives of the framework for crack fortification requirements. When you press a seismic design, concrete strength should not be cast frame than c30。至于抗震能力更強(qiáng)的框架 —剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)等，其過高的價(jià)格和過低的普及度很難大范圍建設(shè)。僅有不足 5%的人員傷亡是直接由地震及地震引發(fā)的水災(zāi)、山體滑坡等次生災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致的，而沒有抗震加固措施的磚混結(jié)構(gòu)（磚墻加未拉結(jié)的預(yù)制混凝土樓板）造成的災(zāi)難尤為慘烈。這一種觀點(diǎn)從建筑本身結(jié)構(gòu)上予以分析，需要我們科學(xué)對待地震，在結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能上認(rèn)真加強(qiáng)，保持建筑物不倒，來最大限度的減少人員傷 亡，至少不會像現(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)在人們面前的如此恐怖。結(jié)構(gòu)已是抗震的最后一道防線，由此來看結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇對于建筑物抗震性能的影響非同一般。對于磚混結(jié)構(gòu)的房屋有以下幾個(gè)震害特征：（ 1）墻體破壞，水平地震作用使砌體房屋中的墻體受剪受彎。（ 3）突出屋面的附屬結(jié)構(gòu)破壞。歷次地震已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn)，汶川地震又是一次代價(jià)慘重的證明！ 至于框架結(jié)構(gòu)，它是由梁、柱、基礎(chǔ)三種構(gòu)件共同承重，框架間由連系梁和樓面結(jié)構(gòu)連成整體，墻體僅作填充隔斷，不受力，所以房間布置靈活，門窗大小形狀較自由，多用于 7 度以上抗震 結(jié)構(gòu)和大空間結(jié)構(gòu)。一個(gè)典型的例 子是上世紀(jì) 76 年前唐山蓋的面粉廠，由于套用了烏魯木齊市的框架設(shè)計(jì)圖紙， 8 度防震，在 11 度強(qiáng)烈地震也未破壞。其次，抗震框架柱截面尺寸應(yīng)滿足規(guī)范對軸壓比限值要求，它是影響框架柱破壞形式和變形能力的重要因素。框架結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)成雙向梁柱剛接體系，但也允許部分的框架梁搭在另一框架梁上。那么現(xiàn)在我們來設(shè)想一下，如果汶川建筑大多采用框架結(jié)構(gòu)，按 7 度設(shè)計(jì)，如達(dá)到 9 度，也剛達(dá)到破壞
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1