【正文】 秒以上，又是彈塑形的，可以積聚一定的能量，所以不易破壞?？v橫墻連接處是砌體房屋的一個薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，地震時縱橫墻相互作用，在交接出產(chǎn)生裂縫，導(dǎo)致縱墻向外傾斜或倒塌。據(jù)應(yīng)急評估專家回來講，凡是磚混結(jié)構(gòu)為現(xiàn)澆樓板并加構(gòu)造柱的且按正規(guī)設(shè)計并把好質(zhì)量關(guān)的均沒有倒塌，更別說框架結(jié)構(gòu)和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)了。其實地震本身很難對人的生命安全構(gòu)成威脅，絕大多數(shù)人員傷亡是受地震影響而倒塌或破壞的建筑造成的，通常，占地震傷亡人數(shù)的95％。 repeated the role of the earthquake, the two cross into direction of Xshaped diagonal crack。 choice。 framework。 and vertical shear stress in the joint action, the principal tensile stress beyond the masonry wall strength, wall inclined cracks appeared。在理論上造成地震破壞的 3 個主要因素是：地面水平運動加速、共振及能量的包容性。受損學(xué)校 41 所，其中嚴(yán)重受損 18 所輕微受損 23 所，上述僑心學(xué)校無一坍塌。（ 2）縱橫墻連接處破壞。通過合理設(shè)計，框架結(jié)構(gòu)能承受較大變形，并能有效吸收消耗地震能量，但過大層間變形會引起非結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件破壞，故變形應(yīng)控制在一定范圍?？拐痱炈銜r應(yīng)特別注意場地土類別。且因鋼筋在超過屈服強度后還有延性，混凝土雖斷，俗話說斷了骨頭還連著筋，結(jié)構(gòu)還不會完全垮塌，再加上圈梁、構(gòu)造柱的支持，破損時間延長，只要不是熟睡的夜晚，應(yīng)該有一定的空間避難和留出 寶貴的逃生時間，那么汶川地震中會有多少同胞不會離我們遠(yuǎn)去。 ４．磚混向框架發(fā)展的趨勢 建筑是為人設(shè)計的為生存的庇護(hù)場所 ,這是人類有建造技術(shù)以來不用說明的天經(jīng)地義的道理 ,而現(xiàn)在 ,我們在汶川特大地震中看到的是 ,用自己建造的房子奪取自己的生命，建筑卻成為生命的殺手。 ３．框架抗震設(shè)計時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題 首先，抗震地震帶框架結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)先考慮現(xiàn)澆框架結(jié)構(gòu)體系，其次是裝配整體式框架結(jié)構(gòu)體系， 很少采用裝配式，無論是現(xiàn)澆框架式還是預(yù)制框架式，均應(yīng)盡量符合 “強柱弱梁，強剪弱彎，強壓弱拉，強節(jié)點弱構(gòu)件 ”的抗震設(shè)計準(zhǔn)則，使框架結(jié)構(gòu)具有合理抗震破壞機(jī)制 ———梁鉸側(cè)移機(jī)制，達(dá)到規(guī)范對框架抗裂設(shè)防的目標(biāo)要求。 震害統(tǒng)計表明，在強烈的地震作用下，多層砌體房屋主要是墻身與構(gòu)件的連接破壞，且房屋層高大，層數(shù)多，震害相對越嚴(yán)重。磚混結(jié)構(gòu)是混合結(jié)構(gòu)的一種，采用磚墻來承重，由于施工 方面，建筑造價低等原因，幾十年來一直是我國民用建筑的傳統(tǒng)形式，比較適合開間進(jìn)深小，房屋面積小，多層或低層的建筑。對于這一點，是不可否認(rèn)的人為原因，它是行政管理機(jī)制和建設(shè)施工行為方面的漏洞，是人自身方面的原因。s refuge, which is human has been construction techniques do not present a perfectly justified reason, and now we are in Wenchuan Earthquake see is the construction of the house with his capture their lives, Jian Zhu Life has bee a killer. In fact, according to the relevant provisions in many major cities, from 2020 they were no longer Yunxushiyong brick and concrete structure design, and this is also a measure to improve earthquake Jibie, but in fact there are many Lashi this policy, especially as it Wenchuan species has little place unknown, this we have to seismic zone in the country, especially from the brick buildings and other structural changes to the framework of more effort on the. So now let39。s precast concrete floor) caused disaster is particularly tragic. 1. Housing a number of reasons for the collapse Houses collapsed in the earthquake, so many casualties so heavy, what the problem is where? One view is that: Since the earthquake strength, housing guard, the design did not strictly enforce the standards, plus there are some jerrybuilding phenomenon. For this reason man is undeniable, it is the administrative mechanism and the building construction behavior of the loophole is people own issues. Another view, less developed Wenchuan area, building houses and more traditional brickbased, and fell into disrepair, has been unable to cope with more than magnitude 7 earthquake, in fact, a large number of brick and concrete structure building collapsed, causing heavy casualties phenomenon, already on the 1976 Tangshan earthquake occurred. This view from the building itself be analyzed structure, we need to deal with earthquake science, the structural seismic performance seriously strengthen and maintain the building is not down, e to minimize casualties, a