【正文】 . Concrete crack creation of the reason be a lot of and have already transformed to cause of crack:Such as temperature variety, constringency, inflation, the asymmetry sink to sink etc. reason cause of crack。t Suo crack of the creation be main is because of concrete inside outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transform dissimilarity of result:The concrete is subjected to exterior condition of influence, surface humidity loss lead quick, transform bigger, inner part degree of humidity variety smaller transform smaller, bigger surface stem the Suo transform to be subjected to concrete inner part control, creation more big pull should dint but creation relative humidity is more low, cement syrup body stem Suo more big, stem the Suo crack be more easy the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the shallow thin crack, width many between mm, the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to Suo crack usually the anti Shen of influence concrete, cause the durable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar, under the function of the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crack influence concrete of loading dint etc..Concrete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio, the dosage of the position, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage, in addition etc. relevant. Main prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringency quantity smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption, lower the dosage of is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match the ratio the design should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime acmodation of reduce is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolute can39。Perhaps because of template just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to decline and cause concrete structure creation kind crack many is deep enter or pierce through sex crack, it alignment have something to do with sinking to sink a circumstance, general follow with ground perpendicular or present 30 176。The size bigger structure of the beam plank length, the crack run parallel with short side more。t have the surface crack of influence and deep enter crack of processing measure that is usually is a surface in crack daubery cement syrup, the wreath oxygen gum mire or at concrete surface Tu2 Shua paint, asphalt etc. antisepsis material, at protection of in the meantime for keeping concrete from continue under the influence of various function to open crack, usually can adoption the surface in crack glue to stick glass fiber cloth etc. measure. 1, infuse syrup, the Qian sew method Infuse a syrup method main the concrete crack been applicable to have influence or have already defend Shen request to the structure whole of repair, it is make use of pressure equipments gum knot the material press into the crack of concrete, gum knot the material harden behind and concrete formation one be whole, thus reinforce of in mon use gum knot material has the cement the syrup, epoxy, A Ji C Xi sour ester and gather ammonia ester to equalize to learn material. The Qian sew a method is that the crack be a kind of most in mon use method in, it usually is follow the crack dig slot, the Qian fill Su in the slot or rigid water material with attain closing crack of in mon use Su material has PVC gum mire, plastics ointment, the D Ji rubber etc.。由于混凝土施工和本身變形、約束等一系列問題，硬化成型的混凝土中存在著眾多的微孔隙、氣穴和微裂縫，正是由于這些初始缺陷的存在才使混凝土呈現(xiàn)出一些非均質(zhì)的特性。很多工程的失事都是由于裂縫的不穩(wěn)定發(fā)展所致。 混凝土裂縫產(chǎn)生的原因很多，有變形引起的裂縫：如溫度變化、收縮、膨脹、不均勻沉陷等原因引起的裂縫；有外載作用引起的裂縫；有養(yǎng)護環(huán)境不當和化學作用引起的裂縫等等。干縮裂縫的產(chǎn)生主要是由于混凝土內(nèi)外水分蒸發(fā)程度不同而導致變形不同的結(jié)果：混凝土受外部條件的影響，表面水分損失過快，變形較大，內(nèi)部濕度變化較小變形較小，較大的表面干縮變形受到混凝土內(nèi)部約束，產(chǎn)生較大拉應(yīng)力而產(chǎn)生裂縫?；炷粮煽s主要和混凝土的水灰比、水泥的成分、水泥的用量、集料的性質(zhì)和用量、外加劑的用量等有關(guān)。四是 加強混凝土的早期養(yǎng)護，并適當延長混凝土的養(yǎng)護時間。塑性收縮裂縫一般在干熱或大風天氣出現(xiàn)，裂縫多呈中間寬、兩端細且長短不一，互不連貫狀態(tài)。二是嚴格控制水灰比，摻加高效減水劑來增加混凝土的坍落度和和易性，減 少水泥及水的用量。 沉陷裂縫的產(chǎn)生是由于結(jié)構(gòu)地基土質(zhì)不勻、松軟或回填土不實或浸水而造成不均勻沉降所致；或者因為模板剛度不足，模板支撐間距過大或支撐底部松動等導致，特別是在冬季，模板支撐在凍土上，凍土化凍后產(chǎn)生不均勻沉降，致使混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生裂縫。裂縫寬度受溫度變化的影響較小。三是防止混凝土澆灌過程中地基被水浸泡?；炷翝仓螅谟不^程中，水泥水化產(chǎn)生大量的水化熱，（當水泥用量在350550 kg/m3，每立方米混凝土將釋放出 1750027500kJ的熱量，從而使混凝土內(nèi)部溫度升達 70℃左右甚至更高）。 溫度裂縫的走向通常無一定規(guī)律，大面積結(jié)構(gòu)裂縫?？v橫交錯；梁板類長度 尺寸較大的結(jié)構(gòu)，裂縫多平行于短邊；深入和貫穿性的溫度裂縫一般與短邊方向平行或接近平行，裂縫沿著長邊分段出現(xiàn)，中間較密。 主要預防措施：一是盡量選用低熱或中熱水泥，如礦渣水泥、粉煤灰水泥等。五是改善混凝土的攪拌加工工藝，降低混凝土的澆筑溫度。九是在大體積混凝土內(nèi)部設(shè)置冷卻管道，通冷水或者冷氣冷卻，減小混凝土的內(nèi)外溫差。十三是加強混凝土養(yǎng)護，混凝土澆筑后，及時用濕潤的草簾、麻片等覆蓋，并注意灑水養(yǎng)護，適當延長養(yǎng)護時間，保證混凝土表面緩慢冷卻。 混凝土拌和后會產(chǎn)生一些堿性離子，這些離子與某些活性骨料產(chǎn)生化學反應(yīng)并吸收周圍環(huán)境中的水而體積增大，造成混凝土酥松、膨脹開 裂。三是選用合適的摻和料抑制堿骨料反應(yīng)。三是混凝土澆注要振搗密實。 混凝土裂縫的修補措施主要有以下一些方法：表面修補法，灌漿、嵌縫封堵法，結(jié)構(gòu)加固法，混凝土置換法，電化學防護法以及仿生自愈合法。常用的膠結(jié)材料有水泥漿、環(huán)氧樹脂、甲基丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯等化學材料。結(jié)構(gòu)加固中常用的主要有以下幾種方法：加大混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的截面面積，在構(gòu)件的角部外包型鋼、采用預應(yīng)力法加固、粘貼鋼板加固、增設(shè)支點加固以及噴 射混凝土補強加固。陰極防護法、氯鹽提取法、堿性復原法是化學防護法中常用而有效的三種方法。 出自《 加拿大土木工程學報 》