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indicated that the influence of the factors on the intention of the mobile inter users and nonusers were different. Surprisingly, the effect of design aesthetics was not significant in all of the groups. Male users were found to be more likely to read ebooks on their smartphones, as are people with higher personal ines. Practical implications – This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the factors that promote mobile inter users39。 concerns about Android smartphone adoption and subscription of mobile inter services. Article Type: Research paper Keyword(s): Smartphone。 Ebooks。 Taiwan. 1. Introduction With the development of mobile inter services, more and more consumers are adopting smartphones as their primary munication device. Worldwide smartphone sales to end users reached 115 million units in the third quarter of 2020, up 42 percent from the third quarter of 2020, with most based on Android, Symbian, Windows Mobile, and iOS operating systems. In particular, Google39。s open and customizable architecture allows manufacturers of Android devices to develop their hardware and software specifications with features designed to appeal to users and achieve market advantage. Hence, the research model in the study considers hardware, software, and design aesthetics as the main determinants of attitude. The customizable nature of Android allows manufacturers of Android devices to develop functions and interfaces to satisfy the needs of their customers, primarily to offer differentiation through content and interface convenience. Android39。s utility as determined by the consumer39。s studying mobile inter services,demonstrated that quality of user–system interface can enhance user satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, it is anticipated that increased convenience and ease of use would positively affect user attitudes toward Android devices. Perceived content Functions are anticipated to play an important role in Android, because the functions or software provided by manufacturers would improve operation efficiency. Perceived content can be defined as the user39。s perception of the efficiency provided by the smartphone hardware (Lin, 2020). Android provides a range of hardware supports, such external storage, accelerated 3D graphics, and proximity and pressure sensors. This additional hardware support can help the manufacturers develop specific functions to assist their users in dealing with mon tasks, providing users with a range of device specifications to meet their various needs. Past research has also indicated that device hardware spec can influence user feelings about quality and interactivity. For example, Park et al. (2020) demonstrated that hardware support for motion feedback can improve the interactivity of a mobile device and significantly influence the affective quality. Design aesthetics Design aesthetics have been found to be important for user acceptance of technology. Design aesthetics in this study refers to the balance, emotional appeal, or aesthetic of a smartphone which may be expressed through color, shape, or animation. Human visual sense is a key influence on cognition and thus emotion, thus aesthetically pleasing design is an crucial factor to strengthen user emotional attachment to a particular device. Nanda et al. (2020) suggested that the aesthetic design of mobile phones has an impact on users