外文翻譯----機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)理論-機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designer has to exchange with administrator on the preliminary design, and be approved. This is generally through the oral discussion, with schematic diagram and the writing material. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) Whether product designed is truly needed for the people? (2) Whether this product has petitive ability pare with other pany’s existing similar products? (3) Whether this kind of product is economical? (4) Whether this product’s service convenient? (5) Whether this product sale well? Whether can gain? Only time be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can continue on foundation of the above question preliminary answered. Project engineer also should consult together with the branch of manufacture for the finally design proposal through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing. Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some ponents size or the mon difference makes some changes, causes the ponents the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to plete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, and seeks this better method. Recent year, the engineering material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, worker39。 (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible。 (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its longterm performance data is the like this time in particular。 進(jìn)行各種機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)工 作的人員通常被稱為設(shè)計(jì)人員或者機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)工程師。發(fā)明、發(fā)現(xiàn)和科技知識(shí)本身并不一定能給人類帶來(lái)好處，只有當(dāng)它們被應(yīng)用在產(chǎn)品上才能產(chǎn)生效益。僅僅使用數(shù)據(jù)和公式是不足以在一個(gè)好的設(shè)計(jì)中做出所需的全部決定的。因此，一個(gè)性能優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)品誕生的同時(shí)，也伴隨著較高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。只有這樣，才不至于堵塞創(chuàng)新的思路。設(shè)計(jì)人員的基本職責(zé)是努力使機(jī)器來(lái)適應(yīng)人們。這一般是通過(guò)口頭討論，草圖和文字材料進(jìn)行的。 通常 ，在制造過(guò)程中會(huì)出現(xiàn)某個(gè)問(wèn)題。這些事例恰好說(shuō)明了設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程。新材料不斷出現(xiàn)，而一些原有的材料的能夠獲得的數(shù)量可 能會(huì)減少。由于材料選用不當(dāng)造成的產(chǎn)品責(zé)任訴訟，已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。設(shè)計(jì)通?？梢苑譃閹讉€(gè)明確的階段：（ a）初步設(shè)計(jì)；（ b）功能設(shè)計(jì)；（ c）生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)。 在功能設(shè)計(jì)和工程設(shè)計(jì)階段，要做出一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的設(shè)計(jì)。應(yīng)該結(jié)合產(chǎn)品的功能，認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地考慮產(chǎn)品的外觀、成本和可靠性。設(shè)計(jì)工程師最好能在這一階段完全完成材料的分析、選擇和確定工作，而不是將其留到生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)階段去做。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，可采用某些便宜材料作為替代品。當(dāng)然，這些新材料可能降低成本、改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的性能。 產(chǎn)品的責(zé)任訴訟迫使設(shè)計(jì)人員和公司在選擇材料時(shí)，采用最好的程序。對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的研究分析可以為避免這些問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)指明方
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