【正文】 mercial actors, reinforced by mediated signs. Professional imagemakers are continuously working on the symbolic refueling of the cityasmodity . However, the creation of the city image is not only a matter of cultural policy. What the city actually bees, and how different groups experience it, depend upon the activities of social actors as well as systemic forces. For example, even though there are strong hegemonic forces, founded upon alliances between political, cultural and economic actors, supporting a dominant image of the city, alternative and oppositional groupings are always challenging such points of view (see Figure 1). Currently, the clearest examples are definitely the international ‘reclaim the streets’ and ‘reclaim the city’ movements (see Klein, 2020). And during the past few years, toplevel political meetings such as the ones in Seattle, Prague, Goteborg and Genoa have led to worldwide media exposure of the intensified struggle over urban space in general and certain city images in particular. Most of the research for the present study took place in the city of Goteborg, Sweden. However, as far as the aim of this article is concerned, the specific city is not important as such. The aim rather is to illustrate how any city image may be encoded, decoded and reencoded through various forms of lifestyle practices. In particular, the article will focus upon three different modes of consumption, corresponding to Hall’s notion of dominant, oppositional and negotiated readings. This is not to say that cities necessarily contain any clearcut ‘preferred meaning’. As has just been argued, the city image is 浙江農(nóng)林大學本科畢業(yè)設計（論文） 2 a plex and dynamic structure, whose encoders are found throughout society. All readings are somehow negotiated. Nevertheless, from a Marxist point of view one may argue that different ways of encoding and reencoding the city hold different positions relative to the socioeconomic structures of society. Developing this approach, it is interesting to see what happens to this structure in the postmodern era. The City of Goteborg In spite of the general approach, a few introductory words should be said about the particular environment and image of Goteborg. The city has about 500 000 inhabitants and is located on the Swedish west coast. Historically, the image of Goteborg is marked by its ports, its shipyards and its mechanical industries. Being the nation’s face towards the North Sea and the Atlantic, this is the city from which the trans Atlantic steamers once departed. It is also the home of panies like SKF and Volvo. However, like many other industrial cities, Goteborg has during the past three decades gone through a kind of identity crisis. Most of the shipyards have closed down。 the northern workingclass suburbs。 Jansson 簡介 城市主要是推崇用戶至上主義的。正如在古典文書材料齊美爾與本杰明，都市納入整個系統(tǒng)的房間，階段和通道在反思：個人可以獲得象征性的經(jīng)驗，以及表現(xiàn)他或她的身份。主要的城市形象，在歷史的敘事，人物，建筑公司等，通常是在消費方式受商業(yè)演員，加強中介了的跡象。 然而，創(chuàng)造城市形象不僅是一個重要的文化政策。然而，就本文的目的而言，具體的城市是不重要的。作為剛剛被認為，城市形象是一個復雜的動態(tài)結構，其編碼器被發(fā)現(xiàn)在整個社會 。 哥德堡市案例 盡管一般的做法，一些應該說的話有關的特定環(huán)境與形象168。作為國家面朝著北海和大西洋 ， 這是該市從大西洋汽船曾離去。這個身份危機也表示，通過幾個工業(yè)十 趨勢。同時，施工臨時圖像的創(chuàng)造者，建筑師和城市規(guī)劃者小心保存歷史遺產(chǎn)哥德堡。采訪進行了 1997 年在四個不同的地點：市中心；富裕的北部郊區(qū)西郊；工人階級；以及農(nóng)村村，約一個小時的旅程從哥德堡去。然后，在所有地區(qū)，受訪者收集不同年齡，性別和職業(yè)。有 前，為了使討論明確切盡可能的論據(jù)，說明了方法的只是一些有趣的案件。對某些人來說，城市是一個自然，理所當然，日常用的環(huán)境；給他人，這主要是現(xiàn)場的特殊事件和公共服務。城市內(nèi)通常是不同的領域，在各種公共場所和私人住宅，以及一種特別的異質(zhì)性和揮發(fā)性人口。 顯然，大多數(shù)城市居民都是比較大的數(shù)的誤碼率訪問商店，餐館，文化活動等。以下萬維三部分處理所有這些理想類型，使用少數(shù)的受訪者為例。他們的共同點是典型的城市走向全球化與改造。介紹主要區(qū)分顯性，對立和談判的消費模式，它指出了象征性的斗爭，一率城市發(fā)展的各個方面。仔細審視的生活方式和生活世界的一個人，一個發(fā)現(xiàn)，事情是模糊不清的揮發(fā)性比所建議的理論或定量分類。因為每一個新的市場、信息是有爭議的由多元化的城市社會生活的解碼和重新編碼過程發(fā)生在城不能成為 最后的，主體間共享的城市形象。